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The Gravity Field of the Earth

The Gravity Field of the Earth
Author: Michele Caputo
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2016-06-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1483222381

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International Geophysics Series, Volume 10: The Gravity Field of the Earth: From Classical and Modern Methods explores the theory of the gravity field of the earth based on both classical and modern methods. Classical method involves observations of gravity taken over the earth's surface, while the modern method uses observations of variation of orbital elements of artificial satellites caused by the gravity field of the earth. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 12 chapters. Part I describes the solution of physical problems that are treated as Dirichlet problems or solved by means of integral equations. This part also deals with the determination of the geoid form from ground gravity measurements using the Stokes formula. The method of obtaining the Stokes formula by means of an integral equation is also outlined. Part II contains modern mathematical techniques developed to utilize the observations of artificial satellites for geodetic purposes. This book could be used as a textbook for students in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, or astronomy.


Gravity Inversion and Integration

Gravity Inversion and Integration
Author: Lars E. Sjöberg
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 391
Release: 2017-04-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319502980

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This book contains theory and applications of gravity both for physical geodesy and geophysics. It identifies classical and modern topics for studying the Earth. Worked-out examples illustrate basic but important concepts of the Earth’s gravity field. In addition, coverage details the Geodetic Reference System 1980, a versatile tool in most applications of gravity data. The authors first introduce the necessary mathematics. They then review classic physical geodesy, including its integral formulas, height systems and their determinations. The next chapter presents modern physical geodesy starting with the original concepts of M.S. Molodensky. A major part of this chapter is a variety of modifying Stokes’ formula for geoid computation by combining terrestrial gravity data and an Earth Gravitational Model. Coverage continues with a discussion that compares today’s methods for modifying Stokes’ formulas for geoid and quasigeoid determination, a description of several modern tools in physical geodesy, and a review of methods for gravity inversion as well as analyses for temporal changes of the gravity field. This book aims to broaden the view of scientists and students in geodesy and geophysics. With a focus on theory, it provides basic and some in-depth knowledge about the field from a geodesist’s perspective. /div


Theory of the Earth's Shape

Theory of the Earth's Shape
Author: V.C. Dragomir
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 705
Release: 2017-01-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1483291898

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Theory of the Earth's Shape considers the physical-mathematical problems raised by the determination of the form of the planet, thereby making a significant contribution to the technological scientific literature in this field. This book is organized into six parts encompassing 29 chapters. The first part, entitled Physical Geodesy, presents the theory of the determination of the gravitational field, in the definition of which preference was given to the method of expansion in spherical harmonics recommended by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in establishing the international "Geodetic Reference System 1967". Part II deals with the principal aspects of Ellipsoidal Geodesy, such as the methods of solving the geodetic problems on the reference ellipsoid. Part III considers the main problems associated with Astro-geodetic Triangulation, particularly with the conception of materialization and the necessary measurements as the required adjustment procedures. This part also provides approaches regarding the controlled analysis of angular measurements and the description of some original calculation and measurement methods. Part IV concerns one of the methods of determining the spatial coordinates of the geodetic points in a unitary system, such as the three-dimensional geodesy, which has had more concrete applications since the launching of the Earth's first artificial satellites. Part V describes the methods for determining the terrestrial ellipsoid and the geoid, as well as the conventional methods and the methods of Dynamical Geodesy. Part VI discusses the geodetic methods for the determination of the movements of the Earth's crust, along with an overall examination of the theoretical and practical aspects which in principle constitute the object of such activities.


Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics

Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics
Author: Peter C. Hughes
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Total Pages: 594
Release: 2004-12-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0486439259

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Pointing a satellite in the right direction requires an extremely complex system — one that describes the satellite's orientation and at the same time predicts and either uses or neutralizes external influences. From its roots in classical mechanics and reliance on stability theory to the evolution of practical stabilization ideas, Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics offers comprehensive coverage of environmental torques encountered in space; energy dissipation and its effects on the attitude stability of spinning bodies; motion equation for four archetypical systems derived and used repeatedly throughout the text; orientation parameters (not limited to Euler angles); illustrations of key concepts with on-orbit flight data; and typical engineering hardware, with examples of the implementation of dynamic ideas. Suitable as a text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this unified treatment is also a valuable reference for professional engineers studying the analysis and application of modern spacecraft attitude dynamics. The sole prerequisites are a fundamental knowledge of vector dynamics and matrix algebra. Over 250 diagrams appear throughout the text, along with extensive problem sets at the end of each chapter, 350 references (cited, interpreted, and placed in perspective to reinforce the material), and two helpful appendixes.


The Century of Space Science

The Century of Space Science
Author: J.A. Bleeker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1819
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401003203

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One of the most attractive features of the young discipline of Space Science is that many of the original pioneers and key players involved are still available to describe their field. Hence, at this point in history we are in a unique position to gain first-hand insight into the field and its development. To this end, The Century of Space Science, a scholarly, authoritative, reference book presents a chapter-by-chapter retrospective of space science as studied in the 20th century. The level is academic and focuses on key discoveries, how these were arrived at, their scientific consequences and how these discoveries advanced the thoughts of the key players involved. With over 90 world-class contributors, such as James Van Allen, Cornelis de Jager, Eugene Parker, Reimar Lüst, and Ernst Stuhlinger, and with a Foreword by Lodewijk Woltjer (past ESO Director General), this book will be immensely useful to readers in the fields of space science, astronomy, and the history of science. Both academic institutions and researchers will find that this major reference work makes an invaluable addition to their collection.


The Earth's Climate, Past and Future

The Earth's Climate, Past and Future
Author: Budyko
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 1982-06-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080954618

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The Earth's Climate, Past and Future


Water at the Surface of Earth

Water at the Surface of Earth
Author: David M. Miller
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 573
Release: 1982-10-07
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0080924778

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Water at the Surface of the Earth: An Introduction to Ecosystem Hydrodynamics provides an introduction to the ways in which biological, physical, cultural, and urban systems at the surface of the earth operate, with a particular focus on the hydrodynamics of ecosystems, i.e., water and its association with other forms of matter, including pollutants, and with several forms of energy. The chapter sequence in this book follows the downward progress of water from the lower atmosphere, through ecosystems at the earth's surface, through the soil and mantle rock, to the ""waters under the earth."" In other words, the book begins with input of water to ecosystems, then describes how it is processed in these systems, and ends with the liquid water yield from them. The book first discusses storms in the atmosphere. These are systems that convert inflows of water vapor into outflows of raindrops and snowflakes that are precipitated to the underlying surface. This is followed by separate chapters on how water is delivered from the atmosphere to surface ecosystems; water budgets at the surface and in the soil; evaporation from these systems back to the atmosphere; water in the local air and rocks; and horizontal movement of water transformed by ecosystems where the preceding storages and fluxes were located.


Deformations of an Elastic Earth

Deformations of an Elastic Earth
Author: Lanzano
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 245
Release: 1983-01-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080954626

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Deformations of an Elastic Earth


The Earth's Ionosphere

The Earth's Ionosphere
Author: Michael Kelly
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 500
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323148050

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The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics emphasizes the study of plasma physics and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, including many aeronomical influences. The ionosphere is somewhat of a battleground between the earth's neutral atmosphere and the sun's fully ionized atmosphere, in which the earth is embedded. One of the challenges of ionosphere research is to know enough about these two vast fields of research to make sense out of ionospheric phenomena. This book provides insights into how these competing sources of mass, momentum, and energy compete for control of the ionosphere. Some of the topics discussed include the fundamentals of ionospheric plasma dynamics; equatorial plasma instabilities; high-latitude electrodynamics; and instabilities and structure in the high-latitude ionosphere. Throughout this text only the region above 90 km are discussed, ignoring the D region entirely. This publication is a good source of information for students and individuals conducting research on earth’s ionosphere.