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The Evolutionary Biology Papers of Elie Metchnikoff

The Evolutionary Biology Papers of Elie Metchnikoff
Author: H. Gourko
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: History
ISBN: 9401593817

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Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), winner of the Nobel Prize in 1907 for his contributions to immunology, was first a comparative zoologist, who, working in the wake of Darwin's On the Origin of Species, made seminal contributions to evolutionary biology. His work in comparative embryology is best known in regard to the debates with Ernst Haeckel concerning animal genealogical relationships and the theoretical origins of metazoans. But independent of those polemics, Metchnikoff developed his `phagocytosis theory' of immunity as a result of his early comparative embryology research, and only in examining the full breadth of his work do we appreciate his signal originality. Metchnikoff's scientific papers have remained largely untranslated into English. Assembled here, annotated and edited, are the key evolutionary biology papers dating from Metchnikoff's earliest writings (1865) to the texts of his mature period of the 1890s, which will serve as an invaluable resource for those interested in the historical development of evolutionary biology.


Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology

Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology
Author: Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 276
Release: 1991-07-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 019534510X

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This fascinating intellectual history is the first critical study of the work of Elie Metchnikoff, the founding father of modern immunology. Metchnikoff authored and championed the theory that phagocytic cells actively defend the host body against pathogens and diseased cells. His program developed from comparative embryological studies that sought to establish genealogical relations between species at the dawn of the Darwinian revolution. In this scientific biography, Tauber and Chernyak explore ore Metchnikoff's development as an embryologist, showing how it prepared him to propose his theory of host-pathogen interaction. They discuss the profound impact of Darwin's theory of evolution on Metchnikoff's progress, and the influence of 19th century debates on vitalism, teleology, and mechanism. As a case study of scientific discovery, this work offers lucid insight into the process of creative science and its dependence on cultural and philosophic sources. Immunologists and historians of science and medicine will find it an absorbing and accessible account of a remarkable individual.


The Nature of Man

The Nature of Man
Author: Elie Metchnikoff
Publisher:
Total Pages: 352
Release: 1903
Genre: Evolution
ISBN:

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The Prolongation of Life

The Prolongation of Life
Author: Ilya Ilyich Metchnikoff
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2004-01-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0826118771

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"Three chief evils that hang over us are disease, old age, and death. To study and control senescence, Metchnikoff proposed the establishment of a new scientific discipline he named 'gerontology.' In this classic text on the prolongation of life, Metchnikoff suggests that science should be encouraged and helped in every possible way in its task of removing the diseases and habits that now prevent human life from running its normal course, and his belief is that, were the task accomplished, the great cause of pessimism would disappear. Metchnikoff was able to proclaim himself an optimist, and found, in biological science, for the present generation a hope, or at the least an end towards which to work, and for future generations a possible achievement of that hope." ó From the Introduction by Gerald Gruman, MD, PhD


Ancestors in Evolutionary Biology

Ancestors in Evolutionary Biology
Author: Ronald A. Jenner
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2022-07-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1107105935

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Exploration of the history and current practice of phylogenetics as a storytelling discipline that provides explanations for character evolution.


The Historiography of Contemporary Science, Technology, and Medicine

The Historiography of Contemporary Science, Technology, and Medicine
Author: Ronald E. Doel
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2006-10-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 1134482973

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Bringing together authorities on the history, historiography and methodology of recent and contemporary science, this book reviews the problems facing historians of technology, contemporary science and medicine and explores new ways forward.


Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease

Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease
Author: Siamon Gordon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 892
Release: 2020-07-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1555819192

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The structure, functions, and interactions of myeloid cells have long been the focus of research and therapeutics development. Yet, much more remains to be discovered about the complex web of relationships that makes up the immune systems of animals. Scientists today are applying genome-wide analyses, single-cell methods, gene editing, and modern imaging techniques to reveal new subclasses of differentiated myeloid cells, new receptors and cytokines, and important interactions among immune cells. In Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease: A Synthesis, Editor Siamon Gordon has assembled an international team of esteemed scientists to provide their perspectives of myeloid cells during innate and adaptive immunity. The book begins by presenting the foundational research of Paul Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, and Donald Metcalf. The following chapters discuss evolution and the life cycles of myeloid cells; specific types of differentiated myeloid cells, including macrophage differentiation; and antigen processing and presentation. The rest of the book is organized by broad topics in immunology, including the recruitment of myeloid and other immune cells following microbial infection the role of myeloid cells in the inflammation process and the repair of damaged tissue the vast arsenal of myeloid cell secretory molecules, including metalloproteinases, tumor necrosis factor, histamine, and perforin receptors and downstream signaling pathways that are activated following ligand-receptor binding roles of myeloid cells during microbial and parasite infections contributions of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor development and cancer Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease: A Synthesis will benefit graduate students and researchers in immunology, hematology, microbial pathogenesis, infectious disease, pathology, and pharmacology. Established scientists and physicians in these and related fields will enjoy the book's rich history of myeloid cell research and suggestions for future research directions and potential therapies.


The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World

The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World
Author: T.F Glick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 9401006024

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I Twenty-five years ago, at the Conference on the Comparative Reception of Darwinism held at the University of Texas in 1972, only two countries of the Iberian world-Spain and Mexico-were represented.' At the time, it was apparent that the topic had attracted interest only as regarded the "mainstream" science countries of Western Europe, plus the United States. The Eurocentric bias of professional history of science was a fact. The sea change that subsequently occurred in the historiography of science makes 1972 appear something like the antediluvian era. Still, we would like to think that that meeting was prescient in looking beyond the mainstream science countries-as then perceived-in order to test the variation that ideas undergo as they pass from center to periphery. One thing that the comparative study of the reception of ideas makes abundantly clear, however, is the weakness of the center/periphery dichotomy from the perspective of the diffusion of scientific ideas. Catholics in mainstream countries, for example, did not handle evolution much better than did their corre1igionaries on the fringes. Conversely, Darwinians in Latin America were frequently better placed to advance Darwin's ideas in a social and political sense than were their fellow evolutionists on the Continent. The Texas meeting was also a marker in the comparative reception of scientific ideas, Darwinism aside. Although, by 1972, scientific institutions had been studied comparatively, there was no antecedent for the comparative history of scientific ideas.


Outsider Scientists

Outsider Scientists
Author: Oren Harman
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 387
Release: 2013-12-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 022607854X

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Outsider Scientists describes the transformative role played by “outsiders” in the growth of the modern life sciences. Biology, which occupies a special place between the exact and human sciences, has historically attracted many thinkers whose primary training was in other fields: mathematics, physics, chemistry, linguistics, philosophy, history, anthropology, engineering, and even literature. These outsiders brought with them ideas and tools that were foreign to biology, but which, when applied to biological problems, helped to bring about dramatic, and often surprising, breakthroughs. This volume brings together eighteen thought-provoking biographical essays of some of the most remarkable outsiders of the modern era, each written by an authority in the respective field. From Noam Chomsky using linguistics to answer questions about brain architecture, to Erwin Schrödinger contemplating DNA as a physicist would, to Drew Endy tinkering with Biobricks to create new forms of synthetic life, the outsiders featured here make clear just how much there is to gain from disrespecting conventional boundaries. Innovation, it turns out, often relies on importing new ideas from other fields. Without its outsiders, modern biology would hardly be recognizable.


Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris

Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris
Author: Adrian Barnett
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 423
Release: 2013-04-11
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0521881587

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The first detailed collation of the evolution, ecology and conservation of some of South America's least-known, and most endangered, primates.