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Author | : Raji Jayaraman |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 64 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Cost and standard of living |
ISBN | : |
Download The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
January 1998 Continued agricultural growth and diversification into nonagricultural activities are essential if India is to continue reducing rural poverty. But policymakers hoping to alleviate rural poverty must also be aware of the causes and implications of persisting, if not increasing, inequality within villages. Jayaraman and Lanjouw review longitudinal village studies from a variety of disciplinary perspectives to identify changes in living standards in rural India in recent decades. They scrutinize the main forces of economic change-agricultural intensification, changes in land relations, and occupational diversification-to explain changes in level and distribution of living standards in rural communities. These forces of economic change appear to have offset or at least mitigated the pressure that growing populations can place on existing resources. But the decline in rural poverty has been slow and irregular at best. Nor is poverty reduction only a matter of economic development. For instance, the rural poor often attribute much of the improvement in their living conditions to reduced dependence on patrons. There are few reports in village studies of particularly effective government policies aimed at reducing poverty. The long-term poor still tend to be from the disadvantaged castes and to live in households that rely on income from agricultural labor. There is little evidence that inequalities within village communities have declined. In some cases improved material well-being of rural households has led to greater social stratification rather than less, with women and members of the lower castes suffering the consequences. Such inequalities could limit how policy interventions or continued growth can reduce poverty further. Policymakers must ensure accountability to keep abuses-for example, the privileged classes directing all benefits to themselves-to a minimum. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study the dynamics of poverty in the South Asia region.
Author | : Lanjouw |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Peter F. Lanjouw |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 60 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Continued agricultural growth and diversification into nonagricultural activities are essential if India is to continue reducing rural poverty. But policymakers hoping to alleviate rural poverty must also be aware of the causes and implications of persisting, if not increasing, inequality within villages.Jayaraman and Lanjouw review longitudinal village studies from a variety of disciplinary perspectives to identify changes in living standards in rural India in recent decades.They scrutinize the main forces of economic change - agricultural intensification, changes in land relations, and occupational diversification - to explain changes in level and distribution of living standards in rural communities.These forces of economic change appear to have offset or at least mitigated the pressure that growing populations can place on existing resources. But the decline in rural poverty has been slow and irregular at best. Nor is poverty reduction only a matter of economic development. For instance, the rural poor often attribute much of the improvement in their living conditions to reduced dependence on patrons.There are few reports in village studies of particularly effective government policies aimed at reducing poverty. The long-term poor still tend to be from the disadvantaged castes and to live in households that rely on income from agricultural labor.There is little evidence that inequalities within village communities have declined. In some cases improved material well-being of rural households has led to greater social stratification rather than less, with women and members of the lower castes suffering the consequences.Such inequalities could limit how policy interventions or continued growth can reduce poverty further. Policymakers must ensure accountability to keep abuses - for example, the privileged classes directing all benefits to themselves - to a minimum.This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the dynamics of poverty in the South Asia region.
Author | : Utpal Kumar De |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 531 |
Release | : 2017-11-24 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9811062749 |
Download Inequality, Poverty and Development in India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book reviews the fulfillment of two Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely poverty and inequality, in the Indian subcontinent. It examines the complex interplay among development, inequality and poverty in relation to corruption, environmental resource management, agricultural adjustment to climate change and institutional arrangements, with a special focus on the Northeastern region of the country. The topics covered offer a blend of theoretical arguments and empirical data with regard to the three main themes of the book, while also providing agricultural and environmental perspectives. The book also provides guidelines for policy initiatives for harnessing the region’s potential in the areas of industry, trade, sustainable use of mineral, forest and other natural resources, nature-based tourism through proper infrastructure development, and resolving land issues to achieve inclusive development.In addition to introducing some new questions on the development-ethnic conflict interface, it uses sophisticated tools such as the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method in consumption expenditure to show the endowment, and return to endowment effects; and techniques like spatial correlation-regression to analyze regional variation, co-integration, vector autoregression, the panel data technique and the adaptation index to climate change, to understand socio-economic complexities and the effect of the concerned variables on entrepreneurship and human development.The book offers a timely contribution to our understanding of major MDGs and highlights their successes and failures. It also includes analytical frameworks that are key to future policy initiatives. Further, it disseminates approaches and methods that improve livelihoods and standards of living through poverty reduction and promoting inclusive development along with sustainable utilization of available natural resources. Putting forward various ideas for creating a more sustainable future, it inspires and encourages readers to pursue further studies to address the gaps that still remain.
Author | : |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 297 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0821386891 |
Download Perspectives on Poverty in India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The book examines Indias experience with poverty reduction in a period of rapid economic growth. Marshalling evidence from multiple sources of survey data and drawing on new methods, the book asks how Indias structural transformation - from rural to urban, and from agriculture to nonfarm sectors - is impacting poverty.Our analysis suggests that since the early 1990s, urban growth has emerged as a much more important driver of poverty reduction than in the past. We focus in particular on the role of small and medium size conurbations in India, both as the urban sub-sector in which urban poverty is overwhelmingly concentrated, and as a sub-sector that could potentially stimulate rural-based poverty reduction. Second, in rural areas, we focus on the nature of intersectoral transformation out of agriculture into the nonfarm economy. Stagnation in agriculture has been accompanied by dynamism in the nonfarm sector, but there is much debate about whether the growth seen has been a symptom of agrarian distress or a source of poverty reduction.Finally, alongside the accelerating economic growth and the highly visible transformation that is occurring in Indias major cities, inequality is on the rise. This is raising concern that economic growth in India has by-passed significant segments of the population. The third theme on social exclusion asks if, despite the dramatic growth, historically grounded inequalities along lines of caste, tribe and gender have persisted.This book would be of interest for policymakers, researchers, non-governmental organizations, and international agenciesfrom India and abroad--who wish to know more about Indias experience of the last two decades in reducing poverty.
Author | : Nikhilesh Bhattacharya |
Publisher | : SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited |
Total Pages | : 236 |
Release | : 1991-09-11 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780803996854 |
Download Poverty, Inequality and Prices in Rural India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Can poverty be measured and defined? What are the socio-economic correlates of poverty? Providing a comprehensive analysis of the absolute and relative levels of poverty in rural India, Poverty, Inequality and Prices in Rural India covers a thirty-year period. Topics examined include: disparities in consumption across households; the trends in such disparities; and the trends in the incidence of absolute poverty. By applying these analyses to rural India as a whole as well as six selected states, the authors test their theory of intertemporal variations in the incidence of rural poverty. With its comprehensive approach and unique theoretical model, Poverty, Inequality and Prices in Rural India presents a fresh perspective for scholars and students interested in economics, development studies, sociology, and Third World studies. "This study provides both a comprehensive analysis of the interrelationship between prices, rural inequality and poverty, and a careful interpretation of a wide range of complex and varied empirical materials. It is relevant as a standard reference text to anyone interested in understanding the multifaceted patterns of socio-economic changes that have occurred in rural India since independence." --Canadian Journal of Development Studies "A grandly conceived work." --Frontier "The book is written in a non-technical language that is accessible to noneconomists, and it provides a good introduction to the way changes in the prices of rural commodities have affected the incidence of rural poverty." --Journal of Asian Studies "The book is . . . concise and well written. I benefitted from reading it and I suspect that most people interested in Indian development would enjoy reading it." --Pacific Affairs
Author | : David Greenaway |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 223 |
Release | : 1994-09-12 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 134923446X |
Download Poverty, Inequality and Rural Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Poverty alleviation is a major objective of development. More than a fifth of the world's population lives in absolute poverty, and the majority of the poor live in rural areas. This volume studies what can be done for alleviating rural poverty. Four chapters address the measurement of poverty and inequality, including the use of household expenditure surveys and intra-household income distribution. Evidence is presented for India, Mauritania, Cte d'Ivoire and China. Other chapters present case studies on strategies for rural development: provision of rural credit in Bangladesh and India; technical change in Philippine agriculture; contract farming in Thailand; and banana growers in the Windwards. The contributions introduce the problems of rural development and show that effective rural development is assisted by investment in education and secure access to credit; that equity is important for incentives but not directly related to poverty; and that technical and institutional reform are essential, but require careful design and implementation.
Author | : Martin Ravallion |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Crecimiento economico - India |
ISBN | : |
Download Growth and Poverty in Rural India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Narendar Pani |
Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
Total Pages | : 297 |
Release | : 2021-11-29 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1000486338 |
Download Dynamics of Difference Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This original conceptualization provides insights into the role of inequality in the processes of change in rural India. It presents in-depth analyses and understanding of the nature and form of inequality, and its causes and consequences. The volume examines interpersonal, intergroup, and intrapersonal inequalities in the country’s rural transformation. Through research based on ethnographic, primary survey and secondary data methods, this multidimensional study discusses key themes such as normative and descriptive inequalities; class, caste and other identities; economic poverty; educational poverty; poverty in health; gendered poverty; inequality and power; the impact of migration; ethical issues and vulnerabilities; and suicidal consequences of inequality. It builds cohesive arguments, based on the development of several new indicators, to examine rural inequality. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of political economy, economics, development studies, development economics, sociology, public policy, political science, political sociology, and rural sociology.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 58 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Iandian Villages Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle