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The Evolution of Air Breathing in Vertebrates

The Evolution of Air Breathing in Vertebrates
Author: David J. Randall
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 156
Release: 1981-02-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780521222594

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First published in 1981, this book presents an original approach to the evolution of air breathing in vertebrates from aquatic ancestors.


Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates

Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates
Author: Mogens L. Glass
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 543
Release: 2009-07-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540939857

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Hopefully, this book will be taken off of the shelf frequently to be studied carefully over many years. More than 40 researchers were involved in this project, which examines respiration, circulation, and metabolism from ?sh to the land vertebrates, including human beings. A breathable and stable atmosphere ?rst appeared about 500 million years ago. Oxygen levels are not stable in aquatic environments and exclusively water-breathing ?sh must still cope with the ever-changing levels of O 2 and with large temperature changes. This is re?ected in their sophisticated count- current systems, with high O extraction and internal and external O receptors. 2 2 The conquest for the terrestrial environment took place in the late Devonian period (355–359 million years ago), and recent discoveries portray the gradual transitional evolution of land vertebrates. The oxygen-rich and relatively stable atmospheric conditionsimpliedthatoxygen-sensingmechanismswererelativelysimpleandl- gain compared with acid–base regulation. Recently, physiology has expanded into related ?elds such as biochemistry, molecular biology, morphology and anatomy. In the light of the work in these ?elds, the introduction of DNA-based cladograms, which can be used to evaluate the likelihood of land vertebrates and lung?sh as a sister group, could explain why their cardio-respiratory control systems are similar. The diffusing capacity of a duck lung is 40 times higher than that of a toad or lung?sh. Certainly, some animals have evolved to rich high-performance levels.


Evolution and Development of Fishes

Evolution and Development of Fishes
Author: Zerina Johanson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 283
Release: 2019-01-10
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1107179440

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World-class palaeontologists and biologists summarise the state-of-the-art on fish evolution and development.


Respiratory Biology of Animals

Respiratory Biology of Animals
Author: Steven F. Perry
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2019-09-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0192559206

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Oxygen uptake for metabolic energy demand and the elimination of the resulting carbon dioxide is one of the essential processes in all higher life forms; in the case of animals, everything from protozoans to insects and vertebrates including humans. Respiratory Biology of Animals provides a contemporary and truly integrative approach to the topic, adopting a strong evolutionary theme. It covers aerobic metabolism at all levels, from gas exchange organs such as skin, gills, and lungs to mitochondria - the site of cellular respiration. The book also describes the functional morphology and physiology of the circulatory system, which often contains gas-carrying pigments and is important for pH regulation in the organism. A final section describes the evolution of animal respiratory systems. Throughout the book, examples are selected from the entire breadth of the animal kingdom, identifying common themes that transcend taxonomy. Respiratory Biology of Animals is an accessible supplementary text suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in respiratory biology, comparative animal physiology, and environmental physiology. It is also of relevance and use to the many professional academics requiring a concise but authoritative overview of the topic.


Biological Systems in Vertebrates, Vol. 1

Biological Systems in Vertebrates, Vol. 1
Author: J N Maina
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2019-04-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1482294303

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Gives an account of the morphologies of vertebrate respiratory organs and attempts to explicate the basis of the common and different structural and functional designs and stratagems that have evolved for acquisition of molecular oxygen. The book has been written with a broad readership in mind: students of biology as well as experts in the discipl


Respiratory Physiology of Vertebrates

Respiratory Physiology of Vertebrates
Author: Göran E. Nilsson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 351
Release: 2010-01-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1139485350

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How do vertebrates get the oxygen they need, or even manage without it for shorter or longer periods of time? How do they sense oxygen, how do they take it up from water or air, and how do they transport it to their tissues? Respiratory system adaptations allow numerous vertebrates to thrive in extreme environments where oxygen availability is limited or where there is no oxygen at all. Written for students and researchers in comparative physiology, this authoritative summary of vertebrate respiratory physiology begins by exploring the fundamentals of oxygen sensing, uptake and transport in a textbook style. Subsequently, the reader is shown important examples of extreme respiratory performance, like diving and high altitude survival in mammals and birds, air breathing in fish, and those few vertebrates that can survive without any oxygen at all for several months, showing how evolution has solved the problem of life without oxygen.


The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine

The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine
Author: Martin Brüne
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 992
Release: 2019-01-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0192506781

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Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, among which biology stands out with regard to the understanding of human physiology and conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically though, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunology, including adaptations to dietary innovations, as well as adaptations to the exposure to novel pathogens. Rapid pathogen evolution and evolution of cancer cells cause major problems for the immune system to find adequate responses. In addition, many adaptations to past ecologies have turned into risk factors for somatic disease and psychological disorder in our modern worlds (i.e. mismatch), among which epidemics of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity, as well as several forms of cancer stand out. In addition, depression, anxiety and other psychiatric conditions add to the list. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is a compilation of cutting edge insights into the evolutionary history of ourselves as a species, and how and why our evolved design may convey vulnerability to disease. Written in a classic textbook style emphasising physiology and pathophysiology of all major organ systems, the Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine will be valuable for students as well as scholars in the fields of medicine, biology, anthropology and psychology.


Air-Breathing Fishes

Air-Breathing Fishes
Author: Jeffrey B. Graham
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 313
Release: 1997-07-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080525490

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Air Breathing Fishes: Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation is unique in its coverage of the evolution of air-breathing, incongruously because it focuses exclusively on fish. This important and fascinating book, containing nine chapters that present the life history, ecology, and physiology of many air-breathing fishes, provides an exceptional overview of air-breathing biology.Each chapter provides a historical background, details the present status of knowledge in the field, and defines the questions needing attention in future research. Thoroughly referenced, containing more than 1,000 citations, and well documented with figures and tables, Air-Breathing Fishes is comprehensive in its coverage and will certainly have wide appeal. Researchers in vertebrate biology, paleontology, ichthyology, vertebrate evolution, natural history, comparative physiology, anatomy and many other fields will find something new and intriguing in Air-Breathing Fishes. Offers a complete overview of an important and immensely interesting area of research Provides a perspective of air-breathing fish that spans 300 million years of vertebrate evolution Contains numerous illustrations as well as comprehensive charts Provides a synoptic treatment of all the known air-breathing species with important data on their morphological and physiological adaptations


Respiration and metabolism of embryonic vertebrates

Respiration and metabolism of embryonic vertebrates
Author: Roger S. Seymour
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400965362

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The papers in this volume were presented at an international symposium, held in South Australia on September 8-10, 1983. The purpose of the meeting was to present the comparative physiology of gas exchange, water balance and energet ics of developing vertebrate embryos. contributions were invited from leading research workers in an attempt to represent the forefront of investigation of all vertebrate classes and to promote a broadly comparative approach to the study of embryonic physiology. These proceedings therefore reflect the current level of research activity focus ing on each group of vertebrates. While considerable expansion and specializa tion has occurred in the area of avian embryos over the last decade, work on reptilian embryos is less developed and that on fish and amphibians is still in its infancy. Although a great deal is known about respiration and metabolism in embryos of placental mammals, the physiology associated with the curious mode of development of monotreme and marsupial embryos has not been examined until recently. In this symposium. the well-studied vertebrate classes are repre sented primarily by specific research papers that document original work. These are balanced by more extensive reviews of the lesser known classes.