The Efficacy Of Regulatory Intervention PDF Download
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Author | : Ronald C. Anderson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Efficacy of Regulatory Intervention Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A substantive body of equity-market academic research documents an extensive range of costs arising from the SEC's October 2000 adoption of strictures on selective disclosure and insider trading; suggesting an unusual outcome, specifically, an increase in informed trading. We investigate the efficacy of the SEC's regulations by examining informed trading in an attractive setting for exploiting private information; the options market. Using data on the S&P 1500 industrial firms, our analysis indicates that about 38 percent of firms exhibited symptoms of informed option trading prior to regulatory intervention. After regulatory intervention, we observe that only 19 percent of firms show symptoms of informed trading. In additional testing of ADR firms - explicitly exempt from complying with Reg FD, we find no evidence of a change in informed option trading from pre- to post- regulation; suggesting that the SEC's strictures on US firms led a to a significant reduction in informed option trading. Notably, our proxies for large shareholder and financial analyst access are associated with the largest decreases in informed option trading. In developing a unique measure of informed trading based on option market data, we provide evidence on the efficacy of security regulation in limiting informed trading.
Author | : Peter G. Smith |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 479 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : Health & Fitness |
ISBN | : 0198732864 |
Download Field Trials of Health Interventions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 163 |
Release | : 2010-12-21 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 030918651X |
Download The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
Author | : Alan Lok |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2015-09 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781942713166 |
Download Effectiveness of Regulatory Intervention Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 169 |
Release | : 2020-04-25 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309498635 |
Download Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Globalization is rapidly changing lives and industries around the world. Drug development, authorization, and regulatory supervision have become international endeavors, with most medicines becoming global commodities. Drug companies utilize global supply chains that often include facilities in countries with inconsistent regulations from those of the United States, perform pivotal trials in multiple countries to support registration submissions in various jurisdictions, and subsequently market their medicines throughout most of the world. These companies operate across borders and require individual national regulators to ensure that drugs authorized for use in their countries are safe and effective, and appropriate for their health care system and their population. This process involves significant resources and often duplicative work. It is important to consider how this process can be improved in order to better allocate resources, time, and efforts to improve public health. Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World: The Need for Increased Reliance Among Regulators considers the role of mutual recognition and other reliance activities among regulators in contributing to enhancing public health. This report identifies opportunities for leveraging reliance activities more broadly in order to potentially impact public health globally. Key topics in this report include the job of medicines regulators in today's world, what policy makers need to know about today's regulatory environment, stakeholder views of recognition and reliance, as well as removing impediments and facilitating action for greater recognition and reliance among regulatory authorities.
Author | : Institute of Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 507 |
Release | : 2000-02-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309132916 |
Download Promoting Health Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
At the dawn of the twenty-first century, Americans enjoyed better overall health than at any other time in the nation's history. Rapid advancements in medical technologies, breakthroughs in understanding the genetic underpinnings of health and ill health, improvements in the effectiveness and variety of pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. By itself, however, biomedical research cannot address the most significant challenges to improving public health. Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and accidents. Yet less than five percent of the money spent annually on U.S. health care is devoted to reducing the risks of these preventable conditions. Behavioral and social interventions offer great promise, but as yet their potential has been relatively poorly tapped. Promoting Health identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs. It includes 12 papersâ€"commissioned from some of the nation's leading expertsâ€"that review these issues in detail, and serves to assess whether the knowledge base of social and behavioral interventions has been useful, or could be useful, in the development of broader public health interventions.
Author | : Haile T. Debas |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 445 |
Release | : 2015-03-23 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1464803676 |
Download Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Essential Surgery is part of a nine volume series for Disease Control Priorities which focuses on health interventions intended to reduce morbidity and mortality. The Essential Surgery volume focuses on four key aspects including global financial responsibility, emergency procedures, essential services organization and cost analysis.
Author | : Vikram Patel |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 307 |
Release | : 2016-03-10 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1464804281 |
Download Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.
Author | : Alan D. Lopez |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 511 |
Release | : 2006-04-02 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0821362631 |
Download Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Strategic health planning, the cornerstone of initiatives designed to achieve health improvement goals around the world, requires an understanding of the comparative burden of diseases and injuries, their corresponding risk factors and the likely effects of invervention options. The Global Burden of Disease framework, originally published in 1990, has been widely adopted as the preferred method for health accounting and has become the standard to guide the setting of health research priorities. This publication sets out an updated assessment of the situation, with an analysis of trends observed since 1990 and a chapter on the sensitivity of GBD estimates to various sources of uncertainty in methods and data.
Author | : OECD |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 447 |
Release | : 2019-10-17 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264805907 |
Download Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume, developed by the Observatory together with OECD, provides an overall conceptual framework for understanding and applying strategies aimed at improving quality of care. Crucially, it summarizes available evidence on different quality strategies and provides recommendations for their implementation. This book is intended to help policy-makers to understand concepts of quality and to support them to evaluate single strategies and combinations of strategies.