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| Author | : Keith Bertram Higgins |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 178 |
| Release | : 1977 |
| Genre | : Motivation (Psychology) |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Virgil Zeigler-Hill |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020-03-11 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 9783319246109 |
This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group.
| Author | : Jennifer Kinsey |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Edward L. Deci |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 325 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461344468 |
As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others.
| Author | : Karen Angeleque Akin-Little |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 234 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Classroom management |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Carol Sansone |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 514 |
| Release | : 2000-07-24 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0126190704 |
In understanding human behavior, psychologists have long been interested in what motivates specific actions. Debates have pitted extrinsic motivators (e.g. rewards/punishment) against intrinsic motivation in attempting to determine what best motivates individuals. This book provides a summary view of what research has determined about both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and clarifies what questions remain unanswered. Divided into three sections, section I revisits the debate about the effects of extrinsic incentives or constraints on intrinsic motivation and creativity, and identifies theoretical advances in motivational research. Section II focuses on the hidden costs and benefits of different types of achievement goals on motivation and performance. Section III discusses theory and research findings on how extrinsic and intrinsic motivators may work in everyday life and over time. This book is of interest to researchers in psychology, education, and business, as well as to a wider audience interested in promoting optimal motivation and performance. Coverage in this book includes: * Debates and controversies in motivational research * Developmental nature of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation over time * Influences of parents, educators, and employers in facilitating motivation * Effect of achievement goals on learning and performance * The role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in self-regulation Key Features * Brings together major figures in the fields of motivation, education, and social psychology * Provides a mix of theory, basic and applied research * Presents research conducted both in laboratories and educational settings * Comprehensive chapters provide excellent reviews of previous literature as well as outlines important new directions * Provides different perspectives on controversial debates in a balanced, constructive manner
| Author | : Terry Lafferty |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 70 |
| Release | : 1976 |
| Genre | : Achievement motivation in children |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 882 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Dissertations, Academic |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Eleanor H. Simpson |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 584 |
| Release | : 2016-05-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319269356 |
This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.
| Author | : Joanna M. Smieja |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 55 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Intrinsic motivation |
| ISBN | : |
Since the introduction of self-determination theory and overjustification hypothesis, a belief that rewards have detrimental effects on the intrinsic motivation perseveres. This assumption has led to the criticism of the reinforcement-based interventions, as reinforcers are often mistaken with rewards. The results of meta-analyses indicate that mentioned detrimental effect depends on multiple factors. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of two types of edible reinforcers, high-preferred and low-preferred, on intrinsically motivated performance. Behaviors maintained in the absence of socially mediated reinforcers were considered as intrinsically motivated behaviors. Engagement in the preschool activities preferred by participants served as the dependent variable. Three 5-year-olds typically developing children were participants in the study. A single subject A-B-A-C-A design with a prebaseline phase was used. The implementation of each type of edibles was randomly assigned to one of the two intervention conditions, and next they were withdrawn during the baseline phases. The results show that after the removal of the low-preferred stimulus, the level of behavior increased in subsequent baseline above initial level, whereas removal of the high-preferred stimulus was followed by a decrease in the level of behavior. Side effects of extinction, along with the competing response hypothesis, might account for the results. The second explanation refers to the potential alteration of the value of intrinsic consequences due to the introduction of external reinforcers.
