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| Author | : Stacie L. Bigelow |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Mark Lovell |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 532 |
| Release | : 2020-07-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1000722805 |
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in sports has become an important international public health issue over the past two decades. However, until recently, return to play decisions following a sports-related traumatic brain injury have been based on anecdotal evidence and have not been based on scientifically validated clinical protocols. Over the past decade, the field of Neuropsychology has become an increasingly important component of the return to play decision making process following TBI. Neuropsychological assessment instruments are increasingly being adapted for use with athletes throughout the world and the field of sports neuropsychology appears to be a rapidly evolving subspecialty. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of neuropsychological assessment instruments in sports, and it is structured to present a global perspective on contemporary research. In addition to a review of current research, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports: An International Neuropsychological Perspective, presents a thorough review of current clinical models that are being implemented internationally within American and Australian rules football, soccer, boxing, ice hockey, rugby and equestrian sports.
| Author | : Eric A. Zillmer |
| Publisher | : Psychology Press |
| Total Pages | : 59 |
| Release | : 2016-04-15 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 1317708024 |
The focus of Sports Medicine and Neuropsychology is the question of what role the neuropsychologist should have in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of sports-related concussions. The goal of this special issue is to examine the most current issues facing this growing and dynamic field of neuropsychology. The first article is dedicated to reviewing current issues in the neuropsychological assessment of concussions in sports-related events. The next paper examines data on over six million practice-and-game-exposures among athletes participating in the NCAA's Injury Surveillance System. Two contributions examine the empirical role that neuropsychologists can have in the area of concussion research. The final two papers review the advantages and limitations on computer-based assessment of sports-related concussions and discuss neuropsychology's role in return-to-play decisions following them.
| Author | : Kyle M. Petit |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781339916323 |
A concussion is defined as a traumatically induced transient disturbance of the brain caused by a biomechanical force. These problematic injuries can prevent athletes from participating in physical activity for a number of days, weeks, or even months. Caffeine is known for improving mental alertness in everyday tasks and is found in many popular drinks such as, coffee, tea, energy shots, and even soda. Due to its increase in memory, mental alertness, and concentration, caffeine could potentially be utilized to improve the outcomes of post-concussion neurocognitive testing. This improvement would allow athletes to return to play before they have returned to full health, thus potentially setting them up for further brain trauma. The objective is to evaluate caffeine's effect on reaction time (RT) when measured with two neurocognitive evaluation tools. Design: Cross-sectional Observation. Setting: Athletic Training Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen (14 male and 4 female) (Age = 21.7 +/- 1.4 years, Height = 175.0 +/- 9.1 cm, Weight = 75.6 +/- 12.5 kg) healthy college students participated in the current study. They were excluded if they had a history of high blood pressure, diagnosed heart condition, neurocognitive disorder or clinically diagnosed mental illness, more than one concussion in their lifetime or one within the last year, caffeine sensitivity, currently taking any prescribed medications, except birth control, ingest more than 500mg of caffeine daily or have been exposed to Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) or Kind-Devick tests within the last year. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned into either a caffeine or placebo group. Following ingestion of the intervention, participants waited 45 minutes to begin their first assessment, either ImPACT or the King-Devick (KD) Test. Immediately following the first assessment, participants were evaluated using the other neurocognitive tool. Follow-up testing was conducted one week later under the opposite intervention. The testing order remained the same between the two testing sessions. Main Outcome Measures: The reaction time composite score produced by ImPACT and the overall King-Devick time were recorded and evaluated for initial testing and the follow-up appointment. These domains were compared to evaluate caffeine's effect on reaction time compared to the placebo intervention. Scores were also evaluated for each testing session regardless of the intervention. This evaluation will indicate if there is a practice effect overtime. Results: A significant improvement was noted in the ImPACT RT score following ingestion of the stimulant (0.53 +/- 0.05 seconds) compared to the placebo substance (0.56 +/- 0.07 seconds, P=.007). The KD test resulted in a significant decrease in overall time between testing session 1 and testing session 2, suggesting a practice effect (38.2 +/- 5.6 seconds, 35.5 +/- 5 seconds, P= ≤ 0.001). Participants of the current study were able to identify a computerized stimuli 0.03 seconds faster following ingestion of caffeine. Although ImPACTs RT reliable change index score of 0.06 seconds was not met, the improvement following caffeine for the current study is worth noting. The proposed clinical question still remains, should medical professionals inquire about caffeine intake prior to neurocognitive testing, to minimize possible threats to the evaluation process.
| Author | : Christopher A. Hawley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 142 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Caffeine |
| ISBN | : |
"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health concern within the United States. One type of TBI which has received much attention in recent years is concussions, especially with regards to evaluation and return-to-play (RTP) decisions in athletics. Neurocognitive tests are one tool used by sports medicine professionals to help make RTP decisions. Computer-based neurocognitive assessments have gained popularity in the past decade and are becoming common practice in many clinics because of their ease of administration. Considering the number of external factors that can affect test scores, sports medicine professionals have begun to question whether there may be medications or other non-medicinal drugs which may affect test results. This study investigated the effects caffeine on the outcomes of a computer-based neurocognitive assessment via a within-subjects, double-blind, cross-over design. Participants were 40 Division I collegiate athletes. Results from this study suggest that caffeine has an effect on the performance of computerized neurocognitive measures and should cause sports medicine professionals to question the validity of athlete's test scores if caffeine has been consumed before taking the test. Future research should study the effects of caffeine on actual concussed individuals as well as study other medicinal and non-medicinal drugs which are purported to improve neurocognitive abilities and/or an individual's concussed state"--Document.
| Author | : Jessica Hartley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 52 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is one of the most common injuries seen among athletes. More commonly known as concussions, these injuries are often overlooked and treated poorly due to misconceptions athletes and parents have. Because MTBI is difficult to diagnose in athletes, it is important to study why and how they occur. It is hypothesized that major significant neurophysiological abnormalities will be seen in both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) after MTBI. This study consisted of forty-four collegiate rugby players participating in the EEG studies, where sixteen subjects were uninjured and used as a baseline control and where twenty-eight subjects were injured and received a MTBI. The study also consisted of thirty collegiate athletes participating in the fMRI study, fifteen subjects being uninjured and considered to be the control, while fifteen subjects were injured after suffering from a MTBI. According to the EEG results, no significant differences were found for TBI discriminant, TBI Severity, and TBI probability scores between baseline and MTBI subjects. However, when looking at the data, a general trend is seen of a lesser TBI discriminant score for baseline, and greater TBI Severity Index and TBI probability index for the MTBI subjects. According to the low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) analysis conducted, the most common areas affected by the brain injury in concussed patients are the parahippocampal gyrus in the limbic lobe and the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe. According to the fMRI results, in all comparisons between conditions, the subjects suffering from a MTBI had significantly higher levels of activation in the brain when performing tasks compared to the control subjects. According to the results of this study, as well as others completed in the past, it is important to use a comprehensive approach in dealing with a MTBI obtained by an athlete in sport, which includes neuropsychological tests, EEG, and fMRI.
| Author | : Liora Greenberg |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is associated with an increased risk for neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Because these impairments can be difficult to detect using current neuroimaging methods, it is important to identify instruments that are brief and reliable assessments of neuropsychological functioning post injury. Slower reaction times (RTs) have been associated with mTBI. Because RT is comprised of several interactive processes including drift rate (v), boundary separation (a), and Ter, slower RTs may arise due to changes to any of these components. The goal of this study is to determine whether and which RT components are impacted by mTBI, and whether they relate to other neuropsychological variables. Performance on a 25-trial forced choice response task (the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias; CARB) was used to extract Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) estimates of v, a, and Ter. At baseline, 214 college athletes were administered a neuropsychological evaluation and had useable diffusion variables. 166 of these sustained a sports-related concussion. 7 of these participants had useable diffusion variables at a post-concussion visit. Additionally, 39 college athletes had useable diffusion variables at a post-concussion follow-up visit, irrespective of their baseline diffusion data. Baseline analyses indicated associations between v and neuropsychological functioning. However no significant relationships emerged between DDM variables and symptom severity. RT components were generally unaffected by concussion. DDM analyses did not differ among athletes who sustained a concussion versus others. This may be due primarily to the combination of the error rate demanded by the DDM and the typically low error rate of the CARB, as well as possible motivational influences in this particular population.
| Author | : Joel J. Heidelbaugh |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 623 |
| Release | : 2007-10-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1437710751 |
Here's the first evidence-based guide to focus solely on the various health conditions that unequally affect men. This text provides a biopsychosocial approach to diseases and disorders of male patients from birth through infanthood, childhood, and adolescence, and from early through late adulthood. Replete with current evidence-based guidelines to facilitate clinical decision-making, the framework of each chapter builds upon epidemiological data centered on men. Special attention is given to the circumstances that influence men to either seek or not seek routine medical care. Provides a general overview of the construct of men's health, detailing the organization of preventive healthcare in men, diagnostic bias in men's healthcare, gender disparities on a global level, and the hesitancy of men to seek help. Focuses on pertinent medical disorders and biopsychosocial issues in the developing male from infancy through school-age to adolescence. Highlights a comprehensive review of common system-based disease conditions that unequally impact adult men through an evidence-based approach. Examines special concerns of adolescent and adult males including lifestyle risks, suicide, nutrition, stress, exercise and fitness, integrative medicine, cosmetic plastic surgery, cancer, and end of life issues. Summarizes clinical care guidelines for special populations of men including athletes, executives, prisoners, homosexuals, and transgendered men. Authored by leaders from numerous subspecialties, for well-rounded perspectives on many clinical problems.
| Author | : Peter A. Arnett |
| Publisher | : American Psychological Association (APA) |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781433829796 |
"Up to 10% of all athletes in contact sports will suffer from concussion at some point, and as many as 3 million sports-related concussions are reported each year. In this volume, Peter A. Arnett and other expert contributors in neuropsychology and sports medicine describe treatment for persistent postconcussive symptoms, including posttraumatic headache and migraine, depression, and anxiety. They explore genetic factors that can impact symptoms and diagnosis; the use of neuroimaging in diagnosis and treatment; measurement issues such as sex differences, assessment of effort in evaluations, and aspects of computerized testing that can affect the validity of neuropsychological results; and exciting new treatment options, such as virtual reality tools."--Page 4 de la couverture.
| Author | : Karen M. Sanders |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 612 |
| Release | : 2019-05-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1493987224 |
This unique volume teaches those in the medical fields about the scientific value of neuropsychology in assessing cognition, the 6th vital sign, as part of well integrated collaborative care. It offers physicians a comprehensive tour of the many dimensions neuropsychology can add to primary and specialized medical care across the lifespan. Noted experts examine cognitive ramifications of a wide range of medical, psychological, and neuropsychological conditions, among them brain tumors, stroke, epilepsy, pediatric and adult TBI, schizophrenia, and adult ADHD. The book’s generous selection of case examples demonstrates the benefits of cognitive assessment in building accurate diagnoses, better understanding of patient needs, and more appropriate treatment and management strategies, as well as other neuropsychologist roles in consulting, referral, and forensic areas. In addition, tables, callout boxes, review questions, and other features are included throughout the text for ease in comprehension and retention. A sampling of the coverage: · The value of neuropsychological evaluation in medical practice. · A model of collaboration between primary care and neuropsychology. · Neuropsychological assessment of extremely preterm children. · Alzheimer’s Disease and overview of dementia. · Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease. · Neuropsychology in the 21st century: the rise of multicultural assessment. · Neuropsychological interventions for individuals with brain injury. The Physician’s Field Guide to Neuropsychology is both a rigorous and an accessible reference for clinicians in diverse disciplines including general practice, family medicine, neuropsychology, pediatrics, gerontology, and sports medicine.
