The Dominant Currency Financing Channel Of External Adjustment PDF Download
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Author | : Camila Casas |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 81 |
Release | : 2023-08-11 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download The Dominant Currency Financing Channel of External Adjustment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We provide evidence of a new channel through which exchange rates affect trade. Using a novel identification strategy that exploits firms’ maturity structure of foreign currency debt around a large depreciation in Colombia, we show that firms experiencing a stronger debt revaluation of dominant currency debt due to a home currency depreciation compress imports relatively more while exports are unaffected. Dominant currency financing does not lead to an import compression for firms that export, hold foreign currency assets, or are active in the foreign exchange derivatives markets, as they are all hedged against a revaluation of their debt. These findings can be rationalized through the prism of a model with costly state verification and foreign currency borrowing. Quantitatively, the dominant currency financing channel explains a significant part of the external adjustment process in addition to the expenditure switching channel. Pricing exports in the dominant currency, instead of the producer’s currency, mutes the effect of dominant currency financing on trade flows.
Author | : Gustavo Adler |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 46 |
Release | : 2020-07-20 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513512153 |
Download Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The extensive use of the US dollar when firms set prices for international trade (dubbed dominant currency pricing) and in their funding (dominant currency financing) has come to the forefront of policy debate, raising questions about how exchange rates work and the benefits of exchange rate flexibility. This Staff Discussion Note documents these features of international trade and finance and explores their implications for how exchange rates can help external rebalancing and buffer macroeconomic shocks.
Author | : Camila Casas |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 2017-11-22 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484330609 |
Download Dominant Currency Paradigm: A New Model for Small Open Economies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Author | : Maurice Obstfeld |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 64 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Balance of trade |
ISBN | : |
Download External Adjustment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Gross stocks of foreign assets have increased rapidly relative to national outputs since 1990, and the short-run capital gains and losses on those assets can amount to significant fractions of GDP. These fluctuations in asset values render the national income and product account measure of the current account balance increasingly inadequate as a summary of the change in a country's net foreign assets. Nonetheless, unusually large current account imbalances, especially deficits, should remain high on policymakers' list of concerns, even for the richer and less credit-constrained countries. Extreme imbalances signal the need for large and perhaps abrupt real exchange rate changes in the future, changes that might have undesired political and financial consequences given the incompleteness of domestic and international asset markets. Furthermore, of the two sources of the change in net foreign assets -- the current account and the capital gain on the net foreign asset position -- the former is better understood and more amenable to policy influence. Systematic government attempts to manipulate international asset values in order to change the net foreign asset position could have a destabilizing effect on market expectations"--NBER website
Author | : Mr.Steven Phillips |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 2014-01-13 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484346785 |
Download The External Balance Assessment (EBA) Methodology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The External Balance Assessment (EBA) methodology has been developed by the IMF’s Research Department as a successor to the CGER methodology for assessing current accounts and exchange rates in a multilaterally consistent manner. Compared to other approaches, EBA emphasizes distinguishing between the positive empirical analysis and the normative assessment of current accounts and exchange rates, and highlights the roles of policies and policy distortions. This paper provides a comprehensive description and discussion of the 2013 version (“2.0”) of the EBA methodology, including areas for its further development.
Author | : Mr. Cian Allen |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 2023-11-17 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download Currencies of External Balance Sheets Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper assembles a comprehensive dataset of the currency composition of countries’ external balance sheets for 50 economies over the period 1990–2020. We document the following findings: (i) the US dollar and the euro still dominate global external balance sheets; (ii) there were striking changes in the currency composition across countries since the 1990s, with many emerging markets having moved from short to long positions in foreign currency, thus moving away from the so-called “original sin”; (iii) financial and tradeweighted exchange rates are weakly correlated, suggesting the commonly used trade indices do not adequately reflect the wealth effects of currency movements, and (iv) the large wealth transfers across countries during COVID-19 and the global financial crises increased global imbalances in the former, and reduced them in the latter.
Author | : Leslie Lipschitz |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 312 |
Release | : 2019-01-23 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1108568467 |
Download Macroeconomics for Professionals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Understanding macroeconomic developments and policies in the twenty-first century is daunting: policy-makers face the combined challenges of supporting economic activity and employment, keeping inflation low and risks of financial crises at bay, and navigating the ever-tighter linkages of globalization. Many professionals face demands to evaluate the implications of developments and policies for their business, financial, or public policy decisions. Macroeconomics for Professionals provides a concise, rigorous, yet intuitive framework for assessing a country's macroeconomic outlook and policies. Drawing on years of experience at the International Monetary Fund, Leslie Lipschitz and Susan Schadler have created an operating manual for professional applied economists and all those required to evaluate economic analysis.
Author | : Refet S. Gürkaynak |
Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages | : 533 |
Release | : 2023-05-09 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1800375328 |
Download Research Handbook of Financial Markets Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Research Handbook of Financial Markets carefully discusses the histories and current states of the most important financial markets and institutions, as well as explicitly underscoring open questions that need study. By describing the institutional structure of different markets and highlighting recent changes within them, it accurately highlights their evolving nature.
Author | : Bo Jiang |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 47 |
Release | : 2019-05-06 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1498314023 |
Download The Turning Tide: How Vulnerable are Asian Corporates? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Using a new firm-level dataset with comprehensive information on Asian firms’ FX liabilities, we show that Asia’s nonfinancial corporate sector is vulnerable to a tightening of global financial conditions. Higher global interest rates and exchange rate depreciation increase the probability of default of Asian firms. A 30 percent currency depreciation is associated with a two-notch downgrade in the corporate credit rating (e.g., from A to BBB+), resulting in 7 percent of Asian firms falling into bankruptcy. But the impact is nonlinear—as the firms’ FX liability increases, the balance sheet channel of exchange rate offsets, then dominates, the competitiveness channel. The balance sheet channel offsets the competitiveness channel when the share of U.S. dollar debt is between 10 and 20 percent. We also find that currency depreciation increases firm-level investment on average, but for firms with the share of FX liabilities above 20 percent, investment contracts with depreciation.
Author | : Asian Development Bank |
Publisher | : Asian Development Bank |
Total Pages | : 371 |
Release | : 2024-02-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9292706209 |
Download Asian Economic Integration Report 2024 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This report explores how economic forces are affecting cross-border flows of goods and services and the movement of people in Asia and the Pacific. It looks at the extent to which various challenges are prompting deeper economic links. This year’s theme chapter focuses on decarbonizing global value chains, exploring how policymakers can minimize emissions while maximizing the economic advantages of global production networks. It evaluates the impact of initiatives like the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism for Asian subregions, suggesting the use of carbon pricing, accounting mechanisms for embedded emissions, increased trade cooperation, upgraded technology, and international cooperation for technology transfer to reduce CO2 emissions.