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The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space

The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space
Author: W. R. Uttal
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2014-01-14
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 131776837X

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First published in 1984. This monograph is the third in a series that examines the nature of a midlevel visual process relatively uncontaminated by either peripheral receptor or central cognitive processing. The paradigm utilized in this study selectively assays what seems to be a relatively fixed algorithmic mechanism involved in the extraction of dotted stimulus-forms from masks consisting of random dots.


The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space

The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 268
Release: 1984
Genre:
ISBN:

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This monograph presents the results of a series of 17 experiments designed to provide a partial answer to two questions concerning the detection of dotted forms in dotted visual masks: (1) What is the effect of the spatial geometry of three-dimensional, nonplanar forms on their detectability? (2) What is the effect on the signal-to-noise ratio on their detectability? The results of the study indicate that the spatial geometry exerts virtually no effect until a threshold level of geometrical complexity is exceeded by the stimulus forms. Beyond that threshold, the effects of form are significant but modest in absolute amplitude. The results further indicate that a putative large effect of form obtained with sinusoidal stimuli actually results form a violation of the Shannon-Weaver sampling theorem from information theory and is thus due to inadequate definition of the form rather than to the nature of the form. On the other hand, the signal-to-noise ration strongly influences detectability, regardless of whether it is manipulated by varying the number of dots in the stimulus-form or by varying the number of masking dots. This study failed to extend a highly successful autocorrelation-type theory from twp-dimensions to three-dimensions. The implications and background of this study are discussed in detail.


On Seeing Forms

On Seeing Forms
Author: William R. Uttal
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 364
Release: 2014-06-27
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317668928

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Originally published in 1988, this is the final volume in the set. The original intent of the tetralogy was to review neural explanations of high level perceptual and cognitive processes. However, at this point, it became clear that there were few neural explanations of perceptual topics – a situation that still persists today. This book, therefore, used a different framework examining the role of detection, discrimination, and recognition at the behavioral level.


The Uttal Tetralogy of Cognitive Neuroscience

The Uttal Tetralogy of Cognitive Neuroscience
Author: William R. Uttal
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 2995
Release: 2022-07-30
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317669045

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These four volumes, originally published between 1973 and 1988, were intended to provide a broad survey of cognitive neuroscience, a field known variously as physiological psychology or psychobiology in the 1970s and 1980s when the books were written. The general goal was to summarize what was known about the relation between brain and mind at that time, with an emphasis on sensory and perceptual topics. Out of print for many years, the Tetralogy is now available again, as a set for the first time (which is as the author envisaged it), or as individual volumes.


Time, Space, and Number in Physics and Psychology (Psychology Revivals)

Time, Space, and Number in Physics and Psychology (Psychology Revivals)
Author: William R. Uttal
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2014-10-14
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317557530

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The crux of the debate between proponents of behavioral psychology and cognitive psychology focuses on the issue of accessibility. Cognitivists believe that mental mechanisms and processes are accessible, and that their inner workings can be inferred from experimental observations of behavior. Behaviorists, on the contrary, believe that mental processes and mechanisms are inaccessible, and that nothing important about them can be inferred from even the most cleverly designed empirical studies. One argument that is repeatedly raised by cognitivists is that even though mental processes are not directly accessible, this should not be a barrier to unravelling the nature of the inner mental processes and mechanisms. Inference works for other sciences, such as physics, so why not psychology? If physics can work so successfully with their kind of inaccessibility to make enormous theoretical progress, then why not psychology? As with most previous psychological debates, there is no "killer argument" that can provide an unambiguous resolution. In its absence, author William Uttal explores the differing properties of physical and psychological time, space, and mathematics before coming to the conclusion that there are major discrepancies between the properties of the respective subject matters that make the analogy of comparable inaccessibilities a false one. This title was first published in 2008.


The Swimmer

The Swimmer
Author: William R. Uttal
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 238
Release: 2014-02-25
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317782410

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This research monograph describes a large programming project in which an underwater organism, capable of perceiving, learning, deciding, and navigating, is computationally simulated. The developed computational model serves as a contemporary theory of perceptual-motor performance, embodying much of what is known about human vision and some of what is known about other cognitive processes. This artificial intelligence project has substantial contributions to make to the development of autonomous underwater vehicles. It also makes a specific theoretical statement about the organization and nature of organic perceptual motor systems that may be useful to psychologists, neuroscientists, and theoreticians in a number of other fields.


Computational, Geometric, and Process Perspectives on Facial Cognition

Computational, Geometric, and Process Perspectives on Facial Cognition
Author: Michael J. Wenger
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 460
Release: 2005-04-11
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 113566949X

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Within the last three decades, interest in the psychological experience of human faces has drawn together cognitive science researchers from diverse backgrounds. Computer scientists talk to neural scientists who draw on the work of mathematicians who explicitly influence those conducting behavioral experiments. The chapters in this volume illustrate the breadth of the research on facial perception and memory, with the emphasis being on mathematical and computational approaches. In pulling together these chapters, the editors sought to do much more than illustrate breadth. They endeavored as well to illustrate the synergies and tensions that inevitably result from adopting a broad view, one consistent with the emerging discipline of cognitive science.


Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience

Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience
Author: William R. Uttal
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2015-07-24
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1317392728

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In this book, William R. Uttal continues his analysis and critique of theories of mind. This book considers theories that are based on macroneural responses (such as those obtained from fMRI) that represent the averaged or cumulative responses of many neurons. The analysis is carried out with special emphasis on the logical and conceptual difficulties in developing a theory but with special attention to some of the current attempts to go from these cumulative responses to explanations of the grand question of how the mind is generated by the brain. While acknowledging the importance of these macroneural techniques in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, Uttal concludes that this macroneural approach is not likely to produce a valid neural theory of cognition because the critical information—the states of the individual neurons—involved in brain activity becoming mental activity is actually lost in the process of summation. Controversial topics are considered in detail including discussions of empirical, logical, and technological barriers to theory building in cognitive neuroscience.