The Cyclicality Of Fiscal Policy In The Middle East And Central Asia PDF Download
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Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2010-03-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451982127 |
Download The Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in the Middle East and Central Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The countries of the Middle East and North Africa, and the Caucasus and Central Asia have the highest output volatility in the world. Fiscal policy is a powerful tool that can help dampen the business cycles. This paper analyzes the cyclical properties of fiscal policy in the region during the past four decades and explores whether the response during the current global economic crisis is different in 2009. Across a sample of 28 countries, we find that fiscal policy has typically amplified the business cycles and that it has been more procyclical in good times than in bad times. However, the response to the current crisis has differed from the past in that about half of the countries responded countercyclically in 2009. Going forward, the fiscal space during downturns varies widely across countries, depending on the level of debt, access to capital markets, and natural resource wealth. Not surprisingly, the oil exporters have more fiscal room than oil importers, although there are some oil importers that still have room to respond countercyclically in bad times.
Author | : Ms.Lisa Kolovich |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 2016-07-28 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1475519982 |
Download Middle East and Central Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Gender budgeting uses fiscal policies to promote gender equality and women’s advancement, but is struggling to take hold in the Middle East and Central Asia. We provide an overview of two gender budgeting efforts in the region—Morocco and Afghanistan. Achievements in these two countries include increasing female primary and secondary education enrollment rates and reducing maternal mortality. But the region not only needs to use fiscal policies for women’s advancement, but also reform tax and financial laws, enforce laws that assure women’s safety in public, and change laws that prevent women from taking advantage of employment opportunities.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Middle East and Central Asia : May 08 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 12 |
Release | : 2024-01-31 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download Regional Economic Outlook Update: Middle East and Central Asia, January 2024 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The conflict in Gaza and Israel is yet another shock to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It is causing immense human suffering and exacerbating an already challenging environment for neighboring economies and beyond. This Update covers economies in the MENA region and does not discuss developments in Israel. It discusses the updated outlook for the region, risks, and policy recommendations.
Author | : Daria Zakharova |
Publisher | : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND |
Total Pages | : 29 |
Release | : 2008-04-01 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781451869712 |
Download Fiscal Coverage in the Countries of the Middle East and Central Asia: Current Situation and a Way Forward Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper reviews some broad principles of fiscal coverage, building on cross-country experience. It discusses the level of coverage that would be appropriate to conduct good quality fiscal analysis, while striking the right balance between the costs and the benefits of expanding the coverage. In this context, the paper examines the current status of statistical fiscal coverage in the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia (MECA), and proposes operational approaches to improving it.
Author | : Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 153 |
Release | : 2021-09-20 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513594087 |
Download State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities.
Author | : Alberto Alesina |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Fiscal policy |
ISBN | : |
Download Why is Fiscal Policy Often Procyclical? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Many countries, especially developing ones, follow procyclical fiscal polices, namely spending goes up (taxes go down) in booms and spending goes down (taxes go up) in recessions. We provide an explanation for this suboptimal fiscal policy based upon political distortions and incentives for less-than-benevolent government to appropriate rents. Voters have incentives similar to the "starving the Leviathan" classic argument, and demand more public goods or fewer taxes to prevent governments from appropriating rents when the economy is doing well. We test this argument against more traditional explanations based purely on borrowing constraints, with a reasonable amount of success.
Author | : Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 130 |
Release | : 2014-07-09 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1498348467 |
Download Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
Author | : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 75 |
Release | : 2019-11-06 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513516906 |
Download Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Growth in the near term remains subdued for oil exporters in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP) region, amid volatile oil prices, precarious global growth, elevated fiscal vulnerabilities, and heightened geopolitical tensions. In addition, declining productivity is dampening medium-term growth prospects. To reduce dependence on oil prices and pave the way for more sustainable growth, fiscal consolidation needs to resume, underpinned by improved medium-term fiscal frameworks. In parallel, structural reforms and further financial sector development would boost foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic private investment and foster diversification, thus contributing to improved productivity and potential growth.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 257 |
Release | : 2015-04-20 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1498344658 |
Download Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.