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The Chinese Political Song

The Chinese Political Song
Author: Xiaoyang Zhao
Publisher:
Total Pages: 94
Release: 2012
Genre: Composition (Music)
ISBN:

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The development of twentieth century Chinese song was closely related to changes in Chinese society. School song was the earliest Western music genre taught in early twentieth century Chinese music classes. It was imported not only as an aesthetic subject, but also as an educational tool. In the 1920s and 1930s, Western trained Chinese musicians composed the earliest modern Chinese art songs using Western compositional techniques. Chinese art songs of this period have fewer political elements compared with Chinese songs that were composed later. With the Japanese army’s invasion of Northeastern China on September 8, 1931, many patriotic Chinese composers were forced to replace the romantic poetic texts of their songs with patriotic texts. Mao Zedong’s speech Talks at the Yanan Forum on Literature and Art in 1942 greatly influenced artistic creations during the rest of the twentieth century in mainland China. Hundreds of traditional Chinese folk songs were rearranged and became political tools under his influence. The political propaganda’s influence on Chinese song composition reached its extreme during the ten years of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Praise for the party, socialism, and Chairman Mao were the only proper subjects for artistic creations, and all Western music was prohibited during the period. The social environment of Chinese song composition has improved since the beginning of the Economic Reformation and Opening-Up policy in 1979, and all styles of songs have been composed and performed. However, the Communist party has never slowed down the process of political propaganda, albeit indirectly.


Divided by a Common Language

Divided by a Common Language
Author: Ari Daniel Levine
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2008-09-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 0824832663

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Between 1044 and 1104, ideological disputes divided China’s sociopolitical elite, who organized into factions battling for control of the imperial government. Advocates and adversaries of state reform forged bureaucratic coalitions to implement their policy agendas and to promote like-minded colleagues. During this period, three emperors and two regents in turn patronized a new bureaucratic coalition that overturned the preceding ministerial regime and its policies. This ideological and political conflict escalated with every monarchical transition in a widening circle of retribution that began with limited purges and ended with extensive blacklists of the opposition. Divided by a Common Language is the first English-language study to approach the political history of the late Northern Song in its entirety and the first to engage the issue of factionalism in Song political culture. Ari Daniel Levine explores the complex intersection of Chinese political, cultural, and intellectual history by examining the language that ministers and monarchs used to articulate conceptions of political authority. Despite their rancorous disputes over state policy, factionalists shared a common repertoire of political discourses and practices, which they used to promote their comrades and purge their adversaries. Conceiving of factions in similar ways, ministers sought monarchical approval of their schemes, employing rhetoric that imagined the imperial court as the ultimate source of ethical and political authority. Factionalists used the same polarizing rhetoric to vilify their opponents—who rejected their exclusive claims to authority as well as their ideological program—as treacherous and disloyal. They pressured emperors and regents to identify the malign factions that were spreading at court and expel them from the metropolitan bureaucracy before they undermined the dynastic polity. By analyzing theoretical essays, court memorials, and political debates from the period, Levine interrogates the intellectual assumptions and linguistic limitations that prevented Northern Song politicians from defending or even acknowledging the existence of factions. From the Northern Song to the Ming and Qing dynasties, this dominant discourse of authority continued to restrain members of China’s sociopolitical elite from articulating interests that acted independently from, or in opposition to, the dynastic polity. Deeply grounded in both primary and secondary sources, Levine’s study is important for the clarity and fluidity with which it presents a critical period in the development of Chinese imperial history and government.


Emperor Huizong and Late Northern Song China

Emperor Huizong and Late Northern Song China
Author: Patricia Buckley Ebrey
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2006
Genre: China
ISBN: 9780674021273

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Huizong was an exceptional emperor who lived through momentous times. A man of many talents, he wrote poetry and created his own distinctive calligraphy style; collected paintings, calligraphies, and antiquities on a large scale; promoted Daoism; and involved himself in the training of court artists, the layout of gardens, and reforms of music and medicine. The quarter century when Huizong ruled is just as fascinating. The greatly enlarged scholar-official class had come into its own but was deeply divided by factional strife. The long struggle between the Chinese state and its northern neighbors entered a new phase when Song proved unable to defend itself against the newly emergent Jurchen state of Jin. Huizong and thousands of members of his family and court were taken captive, and the Song dynasty had to recreate itself in the South.


For a Song and a Hundred Songs

For a Song and a Hundred Songs
Author: Yiwu Liao
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2013
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0547892632

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From the renowned Chinese poet in exile comes a gorgeous and shocking account of his years in prison following the Tiananmen Square protests.


Book of Songs (Shi-Jing)

Book of Songs (Shi-Jing)
Author: Confucius
Publisher: Amber Books
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021-04-14
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 9781782749448

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Claimed by some to have been compiled by Confucius in the 5th century BCE, the Book of Songs is an ancient anthology of Chinese poetry. Produced using traditional Chinese bookbinding techniques, this newly-translated edition is a selected anthology of 25 classic poems presented in an exquisite dual-language edition.


Death Rituals and Politics in Northern Song China

Death Rituals and Politics in Northern Song China
Author: Mihwa Choi
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 249
Release: 2017
Genre: History
ISBN: 019045976X

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This study examines how political and legal disputes regarding the performance of death rituals contributed to shape a revival of Confucianism in eleventh-century Northern Song China.


A Song for China

A Song for China
Author: Ange Zhang
Publisher: Groundwood Books Ltd
Total Pages: 107
Release: 2019-09-01
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 1773061526

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Published in celebration of the famous Yellow River Cantata’s 80th anniversary, this is the riveting history of how a young Chinese author and passionate militant fought using art to create a socially just China during the period of the struggle against the Japanese and during World War II. This is the fascinating story of how a young Chinese author, Guang Weiran, a passionate militant from the age of twelve, fought, using art, theater, poetry and song, especially the famous Yellow River Cantata — the anthem of Chinese national spirit — to create a socially just China. Set during the period of the struggle against the Japanese and the war against the Kuomintang in the 1920s and ’30s, this book, written and illustrated by Guang Weiran’s award-winning artist son, Ange Zhang, illuminates a key period in China’s history. The passion and commitment of the artists who were born under the repressive weight of the Japanese occupation, the remnants of the decaying imperial order and the times of colonial humiliation are inspiring. Zhang’s words and wood-block style of art tell us the story of his father’s extraordinary youth and very early rise to prominence due to his great talent with words. We see and hear the intensity of what it meant to be alive at such a significant moment in the history of China, a country that understands itself as the heir to one of the greatest civilizations the world has ever known. The humiliations and social injustice the Chinese people had endured in the colonial period were no longer bearable. And yet there were major factional differences between those who wanted to create a modern China. Ange’s words and art paint the picture for us through his father’s story, accompanied by sidebars that explain the historical context. The book ends in a burst of glorious color and song, with the words of Yellow River Cantata in Mandarin, as well as newly translated into English. This great song turns eighty years old in 2019, and will be sung and performed by huge orchestras and choirs around the world, as the Chinese diaspora has embraced the cantata as its own. Key Text Features historical context sidebars illustrations lyrics Correlates to the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.6.2 Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.6.6 Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed in the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.6.7 Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.


Poetry and Painting in Song China

Poetry and Painting in Song China
Author: Alfreda Murck
Publisher: Harvard Univ Asia Center
Total Pages: 444
Release: 2000
Genre: Art
ISBN: 9780674007826

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During the Song dynasty (960-1278), some of China's elite found an elegant and subtle means of dissent: landscape painting. By examining literary archetypes, painting titles, contemporary inscriptions, and the historical context, Murck shows that certain paintings expressed strong political opinions--some transparent, others deliberately concealed.


A Song Everlasting

A Song Everlasting
Author: Ha Jin
Publisher: Pantheon
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2021-07-27
Genre: Fiction
ISBN: 152474879X

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From the universally admired, National Book Award-winning, bestselling author of Waiting—a timely novel that follows a famous Chinese singer severed from his country, as he works to find his way in the United States At the end of a U.S. tour with his state-supported choir, popular singer Yao Tian takes a private gig in New York to pick up some extra cash for his daughter’s tuition fund, but the consequences of his choice spiral out of control. On his return to China, Tian is informed that the sponsors of the event were supporters of Taiwan’s secession, and that he must deliver a formal self-criticism. When he is asked to forfeit his passport to his employer, Tian impulsively decides instead to return to New York to protest the government’s threat to his artistic integrity. With the help of his old friend Yabin, Tian’s career begins to flourish in the United States. But he is soon placed on a Chinese gov­ernment blacklist and thwarted by the state at every turn, and it becomes increasingly clear that he may never return to China unless he denounces the freedoms that have made his new life possible. Tian nevertheless insists on his identity as a performer, refusing to give up his art. Moving, important, and strikingly relevant to our times, A Song Everlasting is a story of hope in the face of hardship from one of our most celebrated authors.


Transformative Journeys

Transformative Journeys
Author: Cong Zhang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2011
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN:

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During the Song (960-1279), all educated Chinese men traveled frequently, journeying long distances to attend school and take civil service examinations. They crisscrossed the country to assume government posts, report back to the capital, and return home between assignments and to attend to family matters. Based on a wide array of texts, Transformative Journeys analyzes the impact of travel on this group of elite men and the places they visited. In the first part of the book, Cong Ellen Zhang considers the practical aspects of travel during the Song in the context of state mobilization of and assistance to government travelers, including the infrastructure of waterways and highways, the bureaucratic procedures entailed in official travel, and the means of transport and types of lodging. The second part of the book focuses on elite activities on the road, especially the elaborate farewell banquets, welcoming ceremonies, and visits to famous places. Zhang argues convincingly that abundant travel experience became integral to Song elite identity and status, greatly strengthening the social and cultural coherence of the practitioners. In promoting their experience of traveling across a large empire, Song elite men firmly established their position as the country’s political, social, and cultural leaders. The literary compositions and physical traces they left behind also formed an overlapping web of collective memories, continually enhancing local pride and defining the place of various localities in the cultural geography of the country. Transformative Journeys sheds new light on the nature of Chinese literati, their dominance of culture and society, and China’s social and cultural integration. Those interested in premodern China and travel literature will find a wealth of material previously unavailable to Western readers.