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The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium

The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium
Author: John B. Vincent
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 259
Release: 2012-10-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118458850

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Chromium exists in nature as complexes of two stable oxidation states – trivalent chromium(III) and hexavalent chromium(VI). Although trivalent chromium is required in trace amounts for sugar and lipid metabolism in humans and its deficiency may cause a disease called chromium deficiency; hexavalent chromium is toxic and carcinogenic. As chromium compounds were used in dyes and paints and the tanning of leather, these compounds are often found in soil and groundwater at abandoned industrial sites, now needing environmental cleanup and remediation. The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium: From Biochemistry to Environmental Toxicology takes a critical look at what the biochemical data indicate about chromium's role in the body and the biological mechanisms of its toxicology. Topics covered include: What do we know about the biochemical roles and mechanisms of chromium? Is chromium an essential element in the mammalian diet? Is chromium(III) effective as a nutraceutical, a therapeutic agent, and as a supplement in animal feed? What is the biochemistry behind the toxicology of chromium(III) and chromium(VI):the mechanisms of metabolism, genetic and epigenetic effects, and disruption of cell signalling? What are the current chromium(VI) policies and positions from regulatory agencies? The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium: From Biochemistry to Environmental Toxicology is an important contribution to the bioinorganic and trace element biochemical fields which will find a place on the bookshelves of bioinorganic chemists, biochemists, inorganic chemists, toxicologists, nutritionists and regulatory affairs professionals.


The Chemistry of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten

The Chemistry of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten
Author: Carl L. Rollinson
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 163
Release: 2015-08-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1483187616

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The Chemistry of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten deals with the chemistry of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The discovery and history, occurrence and distribution, and production of all three elements are discussed, along with their industrial uses, preparation, and allotropes; nuclear, physical, and chemical properties; biological activities; and analytical chemistry. Organized into three sections, this volume begins with an overview of the history, occurrence and distribution, and production of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, as well as their industrial uses, preparation, and allotropes; nuclear, physical, and chemical properties; biological activities; and analytical chemistry. The intermetallic phases in binary alloys of all three elements are also considered, along with their oxidation states and respective compounds including compounds with non-metallic elements; compounds of ?-acceptor ligands; organometallic complexes; and peroxy compounds such as peroxychromates, tetraperoxy molybdates, and peroxy tungstates. This book will be of interest to inorganic chemists as well as students and researchers in the field of inorganic chemistry.


Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Biological Inorganic Chemistry
Author: Robert R. Crichton
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2007-12-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080556221

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The importance of metals in biology, the environment and medicine has become increasingly evident over the last twenty five years. The study of the multiple roles of metal ions in biological systems, the rapidly expanding interface between inorganic chemistry and biology constitutes the subject called Biological Inorganic Chemistry. The present text, written by a biochemist, with a long career experience in the field (particularly iron and copper) presents an introduction to this exciting and dynamic field. The book begins with introductory chapters, which together constitute an overview of the concepts, both chemical and biological, which are required to equip the reader for the detailed analysis which follows. Pathways of metal assimilation, storage and transport, as well as metal homeostasis are dealt with next. Thereafter, individual chapters discuss the roles of sodium and potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, nickel and cobalt, manganese, and finally molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and chromium. The final three chapters provide a tantalising view of the roles of metals in brain function, biomineralization and a brief illustration of their importance in both medicine and the environment. Relaxed and agreeable writing style. The reader will not only fiind the book easy to read, the fascinating anecdotes and footnotes will give him pegs to hang important ideas on.Written by a biochemist. Will enable the reader to more readily grasp the biological and clinical relevance of the subject.Many colour illustrations. Enables easier visualization of molecular mechanismsWritten by a single author. Ensures homgeneity of style and effective cross referencing between chapters


Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium

Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium
Author: S. Langård
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1483290182

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Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium focuses on the biological and environmental aspects of chromium and its compounds, with emphasis on the most important aspects of their toxicology and physiology. Topics covered range from the production and occupational exposure of chromium compounds to the presence of chromium in air, soil, and natural waters. The applications of chromium in cell biology and medicine are also discussed. Comprised of 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the toxic and carcinogenic effects of chromium and chromium compounds, followed by a discussion on the production and occupational exposure of chromium compounds. The reader is then introduced to the more common analytical methods used in the determination of chromium in environmental and biological samples. Subsequent chapters explore the nutritional role of chromium; absorption, transport, and excretion of chromium in humans and animals; mutagenic and cytogenetic effects of chromium compounds; and organ toxicity of chromium in animals. The carcinogenic effects of chromium, including its effects on the skin, are also considered. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of biology, physiology, and chemistry, as well as those with an objective interest in the ways in which chromium and its compounds act in biological materials and in the human environment.


Bioinorganic Chemistry -- Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life

Bioinorganic Chemistry -- Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life
Author: Wolfgang Kaim
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 510
Release: 2013-08-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118659260

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The field of Bioinorganic Chemistry has grown significantly in recent years; now one of the major sub-disciplines of Inorganic Chemistry, it has also pervaded other areas of the life sciences due to its highly interdisciplinary nature. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life, Second Edition provides a detailed introduction to the role of inorganic elements in biology, taking a systematic element-by-element approach to the topic. The second edition of this classic text has been fully revised and updated to include new structure information, emerging developments in the field, and an increased focus on medical applications of inorganic compounds. New topics have been added including materials aspects of bioinorganic chemistry, elemental cycles, bioorganometallic chemistry, medical imaging and therapeutic advances. Topics covered include: Metals at the center of photosynthesis Uptake, transport, and storage of essential elements Catalysis through hemoproteins Biological functions of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and chromium Function and transport of alkaline and alkaline earth metal cations Biomineralization Biological functions of the non-metallic inorganic elements Bioinorganic chemistry of toxic metals Biochemical behavior of radionuclides and medical imaging using inorganic compounds Chemotherapy involving non-essential elements This full color text provides a concise and comprehensive review of bioinorganic chemistry for advanced students of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, medicine and environmental science.


Medicinal and Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Medicinal and Biological Inorganic Chemistry
Author: Ajay Kumar Goswami
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2022-01-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1501516116

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The book provides a detailed state-of-the-art overview of inorganic chemistry applied to medicinal chemistry and biology. It covers the newly emerging field of metals in medicine and the future of medicinal inorganic chemistry. It is an essential reading for every researcher and student in medicinal and bioinorganic chemistry.


Studies Toward Uranium(VI) and Chromium(III) Biochemical Speciation

Studies Toward Uranium(VI) and Chromium(III) Biochemical Speciation
Author: Wei Xie
Publisher:
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2009
Genre: Chromium
ISBN:

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This dissertation focuses on the bioinorganic chemistry of two metal ions, uranium(VI), as the uranyl cation, [UO22+], and chromium(III), in conditions designed to explore their biological speciation. The solution thermodynamic interactions of uranyl with amino acids and the kinetics of solvolysis of chromium(III) complexes were investigated. The formation of complexes of the uranyl cation [UO22+] with histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and their derivatives (N-acetylhistidine, N-acetyltyrosine, S-methylcysteine, and N-acetylcysteine) were determined by potentiometric, UV-visible, florescence, and NMR measurements. The interaction between these ligands and the uranyl cation is mainly through carboxylate donors. At 25°C, the cumulative formation constant for the uranyl histidine complex, [UO2(HisH2)(OH)2]+, is 8.53; the stepwise formation constant of the uranyl-histidine interaction is


The Nutritional Biochemistry of Chromium(III)

The Nutritional Biochemistry of Chromium(III)
Author: John Vincent
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2018-09-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 044464122X

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The Nutritional Biochemistry of Chromium(III), Second Edition, reviews the fields of chromium biochemistry and nutrition and how they have dramatically changed in the last decade. Editor John Vincent has lead much of the research that has resulted in new discoveries and reversals of previously held beliefs, such as health concerns surrounding the toxicity of chromium(III). New sections include a review of new evidence showing why chromium may not be an essential element, why national recommendations may need updating, and new data on the use of chromium supplementation in animal feeds. Discussions on the controversial topic of the role of chromium(III) at the molecular level in insulin signaling and information on cell cultures and in vitro assays of chromium toxicity are also covered. Examines all of the significant research surrounding chromium, providing discussion on both sides of controversial issues Features new evidence that shows why chromium may not be an essential element Details why national recommendations may need updating Edited by leading expert in the field of chromium, with new contributions from leaders in different aspects of chromium research


Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds

Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds
Author: Tiina Santonen
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 101
Release: 2009
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9241530766

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This document on inorganic chromium (III) compounds provides summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of these chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. Chemical safety cards on the most common inorganic trivalent chromium compounds are reproduced in this document.