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| Author | : Peter Boorman |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 327 |
| Release | : 2020-12-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 303060361X |
Download The Accretion and Obscured Growth of Supermassive Black Holes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This thesis describes the application of state-of-the-art high-energy X-ray studies to the astronomical quest for understanding obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN). These AGN are supermassive black holes growing by accretion of matter located in the nuclei of galaxies. The material that feeds these black holes also obscures them from view, rendering them challenging to study. It is possible to study them by effectively 'X-raying' galactic nuclei to peer through these obscuring veils. Beginning with the proof-of-concept application of novel X-ray Monte Carlo codes to the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) spectrum of a known heavily obscured AGN, the thesis establishes the relevant parameters that characterise the AGN spectrum and central black hole growth rate. Next the largest sample of known heavily obscured AGN is compiled, finding the strength of a prominent iron spectral feature to weaken with AGN power. This is puzzling, and suggests that there may be more hidden AGN than previously thought. Finally by combining an all-sky infrared selection with NuSTAR follow-up, new heavily obscured AGN are identified. Obscuration emits infrared radiation, meaning that the infrared-selected AGN catalogue should be representative of the underlying AGN population. The absence of such representative catalogues has continually plagued cosmological studies, and the resultant obscured AGN fraction will be strongly constraining for AGN models.
| Author | : Andrea Merloni |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 524 |
| Release | : 2005-04-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9783540252757 |
Download Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Supermassive black holes are now believed to play an important role in the evolution of the Universe. Every respectable galaxy hosts in its center a black hole that appears to regulate the growth of the galaxy itself. In this book, leading experts in the field review the most recent theoretical and observational results on the following topics: - formation and growth of the first black holes in the Universe and their role in the formation and evolution of galaxies - the physics of black-hole accretion and the production of relativistic jets - binary black-hole mergers and gravitational radiation. Theoretical work is supplemented by the most recent exciting results from space and ground based observatories. This volume is useful research and reference tool for the entire astrophysical community.
| Author | : Maurizio Falanga |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 483 |
| Release | : 2014-10-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1493922270 |
Download The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides a comprehensive summary on the physical models and current theory of black hole accretion, growth and mergers, in both the supermassive and stellar-mass cases. This title reviews in-depth research on accretion on all scales, from galactic binaries to intermediate mass and supermassive black holes. Possible future directions of accretion are also discussed. The following main themes are covered: a historical perspective; physical models of accretion onto black holes of all masses; black hole fundamental parameters; and accretion, jets and outflows. An overview and outlook on the topic is also presented. This volume summarizes the status of the study of astrophysical black hole research and is aimed at astrophysicists and graduate students working in this field. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Vol 183/1-4, 2014.
| Author | : Andrea Merloni |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 506 |
| Release | : 2009-09-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9783540808831 |
Download Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Supermassive black holes are now believed to play an important role in the evolution of the Universe. Every respectable galaxy hosts in its center a black hole that appears to regulate the growth of the galaxy itself. In this book, leading experts in the field review the most recent theoretical and observational results on the following topics: - formation and growth of the first black holes in the Universe and their role in the formation and evolution of galaxies - the physics of black-hole accretion and the production of relativistic jets - binary black-hole mergers and gravitational radiation. Theoretical work is supplemented by the most recent exciting results from space and ground based observatories. This volume is useful research and reference tool for the entire astrophysical community.
| Author | : A.J. Barger |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 310 |
| Release | : 2013-11-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1402024711 |
Download Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Quasars, and the menagerie of other galaxies with "unusual nuclei", now collectively known as Active Galactic Nuclei or AGN, have, in one form or another, sparked the interest of astronomers for over 60 years. The only known mechanism that can explain the staggering amounts of energy emitted by the innermost regions of these systems is gravitational energy release by matter falling towards a supermassive black hole --- a black hole whose mass is millions to billions of times the mass of our Sun. AGN emit radiation at all wavelengths. X-rays originating at a distance of a few times the event horizon of the black hole are the emissions closest to the black hole that we can detect; thus, X-rays directly reveal the presence of active supermassive black holes. Oftentimes, however, the supermassive black holes that lie at the centers of AGN are cocooned in gas and dust that absorb the emitted low energy X-rays and the optical and ultraviolet light, hiding the black hole from view at these wavelengths. Until recently, this low-energy absorption presented a major obstacle in observational efforts to map the accretion history of the universe. In 1999 and 2000, the launches of the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray Observatories finally broke the impasse. The impact of these observatories on X-ray astronomy is similar to the impact that the Hubble Space Telescope had on optical astronomy. The astounding new data from these observatories have enabled astronomers to make enormous advances in their understanding of when accretion occurs.
| Author | : Tiziana Di Matteo |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 212 |
| Release | : 2019-10-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3662597993 |
Download Black Hole Formation and Growth Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The ultimate proofs that black holes exist have been obtained very recently thanks to the detection of gravitational waves from their coalescence and due to material orbiting at a distance of some gravitational radii imaged by optical interferometry or X-ray reverberation mapping. This book provides three comprehensive and up-to-date reviews covering the gravitational wave breakthrough, our understanding of accretion and feedback in supermassive black holes and the relevance of black holes for the Universe since the Big Bang. Neil J. Cornish presents gravitational wave emission from black hole mergers and the physics of detection. Andrew King reviews the physics of accretion on to supermassive black holes and their feedback on host galaxies. Tiziana Di Matteo addresses our understanding of black hole formation at cosmic dawn, the emergence of the first quasars, black hole merging and structure formation. The topics covered by the 48th Saas-Fee Course provide a broad overview of the importance of black holes in modern astrophysics.
| Author | : Laura Brenneman |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 57 |
| Release | : 2013-06-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461477719 |
Download Measuring the Angular Momentum of Supermassive Black Holes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Measuring the spin distribution of supermassive black holes is of critical importance for understanding how these black holes and their host galaxies form and evolve over time, yet this type of study is only in its infancy. This brief describes how astronomers measure spin in supermassive black holes using X-ray spectroscopy. It also reviews the constraints that have been placed on the spin distribution in local, bright active galaxies over the past six years, and the cosmological implications of these constraints. Finally, it summarizes the open questions that remain in this exciting new field of research and points toward future discoveries soon to be made by the next generation of space-based observatories.
| Author | : Andrew King |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 2023-03-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1108864627 |
Download Supermassive Black Holes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Written by an international leader in the field, this is a coherent and accessible account of the concepts that are now vital for understanding cutting-edge work on supermassive black holes. These include accretion disc misalignment, disc breaking and tearing, chaotic accretion, the merging of binary supermassive holes, the demographics of supermassive black holes, and the defining effects of feedback on their host galaxies. The treatment is largely analytic and gives in-depth discussions of the underlying physics, including gas dynamics, ideal and non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics, force-free electrodynamics, accretion disc physics, and the properties of the Kerr metric. It stresses aspects where conventional assumptions may be inappropriate and encourages the reader to think critically about current models. This volume will be useful for graduate or Masters courses in astrophysics, and as a handbook for active researchers in the field. eBook formats include colour figures while print formats are greyscale only.
| Author | : Chien-Ting Chen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 274 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Growth of Supermassive Black Holes and Connections to Star Formation in Galaxies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A profound recent discovery in studies of the cosmic evolution of galaxies is that at the center of essentially every large galaxy there is a supermassive black hole (SMBH). This dissertation explores the origin of these massive black holes and their connection to the host galaxies, by studying rapidly growing black holes (the active galactic nuclei or AGNs) and galaxies that are actively forming stars using the wealth of observations in extragalactic surveys. We first report a strong correlation between star formation rate (SFR) and the average SMBH accretion rate in star-forming galaxies. This highlights that even though the growth rates of the SMBHs and the host galaxies in individual galaxies hosting AGNs are not directly correlated, potentially due to the short variability timescale of AGN relative to SF, averaging over the full AGN population still yields a strong linear correlation between AGN and star formation. We next present evidence for a link between AGN obscuration and host galaxy star formation in the most luminous AGNs: quasars. With careful decomposition of galaxy and AGN contributions through analysis of spectral energy distributions, we successfully placed constraints on the SFR in luminous quasars in which AGN radiation outshines the host galaxy at most wavelengths. We find that obscured quasars have a two times larger far-infrared (IR) detection fraction, far-IR flux and SFR than unobscured quasars. The result indicates that large-scale gas and dust in powderful star-forming galaxies contribute to obscuration of the AGN in luminous quasars. Together, these two results support a scenario in which galaxy and SMBH grow from the same gas reservoir that can also obscure the central SMBH during the luminous quasar phase. Finally, we present a study of the correlation between the AGN mid-IR and X-ray luminosities for a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed type 1 quasars. We have determined that more luminous quasars show increasingly weak X-ray emission relative to their mid-IR luminosity, providing insight into the physics of quasar accretion and highlighting an important effect that must be accounted for in studies of SMBH evolution.
| Author | : Xavier Barcons |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 1992-07-31 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9780521416511 |
Download The X-ray Background Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A review of the current observational knowledge and understanding of the cosmic X-ray background.
