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The 2011-2012 Egyptian Parliamentary Elections and Its Political Influence on the Muslim Brotherhood

The 2011-2012 Egyptian Parliamentary Elections and Its Political Influence on the Muslim Brotherhood
Author: Ted C. Liu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2013
Genre: Dissertations, Academic
ISBN:

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Even as Egypt's deeply troubled economy failed to provide Egyptians with adequate economic opportunities, public demands for quick democratic transition compelled the ruling Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF) to hold the first post-Mubarak parliamentary elections from November 28, 2011-February 22, 2012. As the Muslim Brotherhood's (MB) newly-formed political arm, the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) focused on mobilizing its political machine, and achieved unprecedented electoral success through its mother organization's robust but undisclosed resources. Without the emergence of political actors with the ability to challenge the MB at the ballot box, it is clear that the FJP is likely to repeat its electoral success. As long as Egypt's electoral laws permit the FJP to conduct its campaigns with undisclosed financial and political resources, other political forces will continue to be challenged by the FJP's established advantages. As an examination of Egypt's electoral politics, this dissertation is a narrow analysis of the Muslim Brotherhood's 2011-2012 parliamentary campaigns, with the objective of identifying to reasons of the organization's electoral success. While supplemented by secondary resources and principally backed by information gathered through field interviews conducted in Egypt during February-March, 2011, this dissertation concentrated mainly on the FJP's Cairo area People's Assembly (PA) campaigns, with a focus on the party's street level operations.


Counting Islam

Counting Islam
Author: Tarek Masoud
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 275
Release: 2014-04-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1139991868

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Why does Islam seem to dominate Egyptian politics, especially when the country's endemic poverty and deep economic inequality would seem to render it promising terrain for a politics of radical redistribution rather than one of religious conservativism? This book argues that the answer lies not in the political unsophistication of voters, the subordination of economic interests to spiritual ones, or the ineptitude of secular and leftist politicians, but in organizational and social factors that shape the opportunities of parties in authoritarian and democratizing systems to reach potential voters. Tracing the performance of Islamists and their rivals in Egyptian elections over the course of almost forty years, this book not only explains why Islamists win elections, but illuminates the possibilities for the emergence in Egypt of the kind of political pluralism that is at the heart of what we expect from democracy.


Counting Islam

Counting Islam
Author: Tarek E. Masoud
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 275
Release: 2014-04-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1107009871

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This book explains why Islamist parties have dominated the politics of Egypt for the better part of fifty years. Analyzing Islamist electoral performance and behavior before and after the 2011 revolution that unseated former dictator Hosni Mubarak, this book argues that Islamists win elections not because Egyptians are fundamentalists, but because these parties have more organizational resources to call on than their secular rivals.


Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt

Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt
Author: Lisa Blaydes
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 289
Release: 2010-11-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1139495313

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Despite its authoritarian political structure, Egypt's government has held competitive, multi-party parliamentary elections for more than 30 years. This book argues that, rather than undermining the durability of the Mubarak regime, competitive parliamentary elections ease important forms of distributional conflict, particularly conflict over access to spoils. In a comprehensive examination of the distributive consequences of authoritarian elections in Egypt, Lisa Blaydes examines the triadic relationship between Egypt's ruling regime, the rent-seeking elite that supports the regime, and the ordinary citizens who participate in these elections. She describes why parliamentary candidates finance campaigns to win seats in a legislature that lacks policymaking power, as well as why citizens engage in the costly act of voting in such a context.


Voting Patterns in Post-Mubarak Egypt

Voting Patterns in Post-Mubarak Egypt
Author: Jeffrey Martini
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Total Pages: 36
Release: 2013-03-22
Genre: History
ISBN: 0833080121

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As a means of helping U.S. policymakers and Middle East watchers better understand voting patterns in Egypt since the 2011 revolution, RAND researchers identified regional voting trends, where Islamist parties run strongest, and where non-Islamists are most competitive. Egypt appears headed toward a much more competitive political environment in which Islamists will be increasingly challenged to maintain their electoral edge.


Patronage Politics in Egypt

Patronage Politics in Egypt
Author: Mohamed Fahmy Menza
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 201
Release: 2013
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0415686237

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Between the military takeover of 1952 and the collapse of the Mubarak regime in 2011, the political system of Egypt depended upon a variety of mechanisms and structures to establish and consolidate its powerbase. Among those, an intricate web of what could be described as ‘patronage politics’ emerged as one of the main foundations of these tools. Throughout the post-1952 era, political patrons and respective clients were influential in Egyptian politics, shaping the policies implemented by Egypt's rulers, as well as the tactics orchestrated by the wider population. On a macro level Patronage Politics in Egypt examines the activities of the NDP (ruling party from 1978-2011) and its opposition, the Muslim Brotherhood. On a micro level, the book uses the area of Misr Al Qadima as a case study to examine the factors that ensured the durability of patronage networks within the Egyptian polity. By examining how the local links into macro-level politics, this book portrays the socio-economic and political contexts that set the stage for the January 25 Revolution. This topical study will be an invaluable resource for students, scholars and researchers of the Middle East and Islam as well as those with a more general interest in politics.


Egypt's Parliamentary Elections, 2011-2012

Egypt's Parliamentary Elections, 2011-2012
Author: Hesham Sallam
Publisher: Tadween Publishing
Total Pages: 184
Release: 2012-12-10
Genre: Egypt
ISBN: 9781939067029

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The toppling of President Hosni Mubarak, along with his ruling National Democratic Party, in the wake of the 2011 eighteen-day uprising has changed the face of Egyptian politics in unprecedented ways. The aftermath of the uprising brought to the forefront of Egypt's electoral arena new political actors who continue to shape the dynamics of continuity and change in post-Mubarak Egypt. The need for developing a nuanced, historically grounded understanding of who these actors are and their roles in ongoing conflicts over the meaning and future of the January 25 Revolution has never been greater. As the first multi-party national election after the 2011 uprising, the 2011/2012 parliamentary elections marked an important juncture in Egyptian politics. The lead-up to the elections witnessed the emergence of a new political arena composed of a variety of previously unknown parties, coalitions, and figures. Based on Jadaliyya and Ahram Online's joint coverage of the parliamentary elections, Egypt's Parliamentary Elections, 2011-2012 provides readers with a critical look at Egypt's political field during the lead-up to the vote.


Arab Fall

Arab Fall
Author: Eric Trager
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2016
Genre: History
ISBN: 1626163626

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How did Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood win power so quickly after the dramatic "Arab Spring" uprising that ended President Hosni Mubarak's thirty-year reign in February 2011? And why did the Brotherhood fall from power even more quickly, culminating with the popular "rebellion" and military coup that toppled Egypt's first elected president, Brotherhood leader Mohamed Morsi, in July 2013? In Arab Fall, Eric Trager examines the Brotherhood's decision making throughout this critical period, explaining its reasons for joining the 2011 uprising, running for a majority of the seats in the 2011-2012 parliamentary elections, and nominating a presidential candidate despite its initial promise not to do so. Based on extensive research in Egypt and interviews with dozens of Brotherhood leaders and cadres including Morsi, Trager argues that the very organizational characteristics that helped the Brotherhood win power also contributed to its rapid downfall. The Brotherhood's intensive process for recruiting members and its rigid nationwide command-chain meant that it possessed unparalleled mobilizing capabilities for winning the first post-Mubarak parliamentary and presidential elections. Yet the Brotherhood's hierarchical organizational culture, in which dissenters are banished and critics are viewed as enemies of Islam, bred exclusivism. This alienated many Egyptians, including many within Egypt's state institutions. The Brotherhood's insularity also prevented its leaders from recognizing how quickly the country was slipping from their grasp, leaving hundreds of thousands of Muslim Brothers entirely unprepared for the brutal crackdown that followed Morsi's overthrow. Trager concludes with an assessment of the current state of Egyptian politics and examines the Brotherhood's prospects for reemerging.


The Muslim Brotherhood

The Muslim Brotherhood
Author: Carrie Rosefsky Wickham
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 425
Release: 2015-05-26
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1400866243

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How the Muslim Brotherhood rose to power in Egypt, and what it means for the Islamic world Following the Arab Spring, the Muslim Brotherhood achieved a level of influence previously unimaginable. Yet the implications of the Brotherhood's rise and dramatic fall for the future of democratic governance, peace, and stability in the region are disputed and remain open to debate. Drawing on more than one hundred in-depth interviews as well as Arabic-language sources never before accessed by Western researchers, Carrie Rosefsky Wickham traces the evolution of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from its founding in 1928 to the fall of Hosni Mubarak and the watershed elections of 2011-2012. Highlighting elements of movement continuity and change, Wickham demonstrates that shifts in Islamist worldviews, goals, and strategies are not the result of a single strand of cause and effect, and provides a systematic, fine-grained account of Islamist group evolution in Egypt and the wider Arab world. In a new afterword, Wickham discusses what has happened in Egypt since Muhammad Morsi was ousted and the Muslim Brotherhood fell from power.