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Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed

Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed
Author: Salah E. O. Mahgoub
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2019-01-15
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 0429685327

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An increasing number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to be produced every day. In response to the concerns raised by the development of GMOs and their incorporation in foods and feed, guidelines and regulations to govern and control the use of GMOs and their products have been enacted. These regulations necessitated the design of methods to detect and analyse the presence of GMOs or their products in agriculture produce, food and feed production chains. Design of techniques and instruments that would detect, identify, and quantify GM ingredients in food and feed will help inspection authorities to relay reliable information to consumers who might be concerned about the presence of GM ingredients. Information generated by detection of GMOs in food and feed would be helpful for setting regulations that govern the use of GM components as well as for labeling purposes. Qualitative detection methods of GM-DNA sequences in foods and feeds have evolved fast during the past few years. There is continuous need for the development of more advanced multi-detection systems and for periodic updates of the databases related to these systems. Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed presents updates and comprehensive views on the various methods and techniques in use today for the detection, identification and quantification of GMOs in foods and feed. The eleven book chapters cover recent developments on sample preparation techniques, immunoassays methods and the PCR technique used in GMO analysis, the use of biosensors in relation to GMO analysis, the application of nucleic acid microarrays for the detection of GMOs, validation and standardization methods for GMO testing, in addition to the type of reference material and reference methods used in GMO testing and analysis. Some of the ISO standards designed for identifying and detecting the presence of GM material in foods are also presented in the book.


How to Reliably Test for GMOs

How to Reliably Test for GMOs
Author: Jana Žel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 110
Release: 2011-10-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1461413907

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The detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is becoming very complex, with new GMOs, approved and unapproved, constantly entering world markets. Traceability and labelling of GMOs is defined in regulations worldwide, demanding accurate and reliable testing to support the requirements of legislation. This Brief provides the current state-of-the-art on all key topics involved in GMO testing and is a source of detailed practical information for laboratories. Special focus is given to qualitative and quantitative real-time PCR analysis relevant to all areas where detection and identification rely on nucleic acid-based methods. The following topics, important for testing laboratories, are also discussed: organization of the laboratory, focusing on aspects of the quality system and methods for testing, validation and verification of methods, and measurement uncertainty. The Brief also discusses the new challenges of GMOs and novel modified organisms, using new technologies, and the possible solutions for GMO detection, including bioinformatics tools. Finally, legislation on GMOs and sources of information on GMOs are provided, which are relevant not only to testing laboratories, but to anyone interested in GMOs. The authors of this Brief have many years of experience in GMO testing, development of real-time PCR methods, implementation of quality system requirements, validations and verification of methods, and measurement uncertainty. The National Institute of Biology is a highly qualified research laboratory and a National Reference Laboratory, which also performs routine analyses of food, feed and seed. The Institute for Health and Consumer Protection of the European Union Joint Research Centre has extensive knowledge and experience of GMO detection. It hosts the European Union Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed in addition to chairing the European Network of GMO Laboratories.


Control of GMO Content in Seed and Feed

Control of GMO Content in Seed and Feed
Author: Nordic Council of Ministers
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Total Pages: 77
Release: 2004
Genre: Crops
ISBN: 9289310340

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Great efforts are made to develop and validate methods of analysis of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) contents in seed, food and feed in order to be able to comply with the new EU regulations on genetically modified food and feed and on traceability and labeling of genetically modified organisms. This report describes some of the current possibilities and limitations regarding analysis of genetically modified contents in seed and feed. This final part of this report contains an overview of the current GMO analysis situation regarding seed and feed in the individual Nordic countries.


Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed

Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed
Author: Salah E. O. Mahgoub
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2019-01-15
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 135171385X

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An increasing number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to be produced every day. In response to the concerns raised by the development of GMOs and their incorporation in foods and feed, guidelines and regulations to govern and control the use of GMOs and their products have been enacted. These regulations necessitated the design of methods to detect and analyse the presence of GMOs or their products in agriculture produce, food and feed production chains. Design of techniques and instruments that would detect, identify, and quantify GM ingredients in food and feed will help inspection authorities to relay reliable information to consumers who might be concerned about the presence of GM ingredients. Information generated by detection of GMOs in food and feed would be helpful for setting regulations that govern the use of GM components as well as for labeling purposes. Qualitative detection methods of GM-DNA sequences in foods and feeds have evolved fast during the past few years. There is continuous need for the development of more advanced multi-detection systems and for periodic updates of the databases related to these systems. Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed presents updates and comprehensive views on the various methods and techniques in use today for the detection, identification and quantification of GMOs in foods and feed. The eleven book chapters cover recent developments on sample preparation techniques, immunoassays methods and the PCR technique used in GMO analysis, the use of biosensors in relation to GMO analysis, the application of nucleic acid microarrays for the detection of GMOs, validation and standardization methods for GMO testing, in addition to the type of reference material and reference methods used in GMO testing and analysis. Some of the ISO standards designed for identifying and detecting the presence of GM material in foods are also presented in the book.


Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods

Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 254
Release: 2004-07-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309166152

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Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.


Guidelines for Sample Preparation Procedures in GMO Analysis

Guidelines for Sample Preparation Procedures in GMO Analysis
Author: Gilbert Berben
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN: 9789279447051

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This document aims at providing guidelines for a correct sample preparation in GMO analysis on food, feed, seed, plants and propagating material samples. It has been developed by the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL), specifically by the ENGL working group "sample preparation procedures" upon a mandate of the ENGL steering committee. The structure of the document is based on that of an existing ISO standard (ISO 6498:2012), dealing with sample preparation for feed; starting from this, the procedures were adapted to the needs of GMO detection and the scope concerning matrices was widen to food, feed and seeds. These guidelines cover the key steps of the sample preparation, i.e. the size of the laboratory sample, the mass reduction techniques as well as techniques for comminution and mixing; considerations about the test portion are included and some performance tests to be applied at different steps of the process are provided. While sample preparation, falling after sampling and before analytical testing for GMOs, has suffered from a lack of guidance and harmonization, this document provides detailed and practical hints on this important step, thus contributing to foster testing harmonisation.


Definition of Minimum Performance Requirements for Analytical Methods of GMO Testing

Definition of Minimum Performance Requirements for Analytical Methods of GMO Testing
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN: 9789268017456

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The document "Definition of Minimum Performance Requirements for analytical methods of GMO testing" (ENGL 2015) is a guidance developed by the ENGL and the EU Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed (EURL GMFF). It supports the development and validation of methods for GMO analysis submitted in the frame of applications for EU market authorisation of GMO products, as well as those to be used in the official control of food and feed. The guidance document provides definitions and requirements to assess the performance of the methods developed for the detection and quantification of GMOs based on real-time PCR. More recently, technologies like digital PCR were successfully applied in various fields for the quantification of nucleic acid molecules, including GMOs. Moreover, GM animals and products developed by means of so-called new genomic techniques (Broothaerts et al. 2021) are being released on the market and present additional challenges from the analytical viewpoint. Therefore, ENGL experts have extended the original method performance parameters for guiding users in the development and validation of digital PCR methods for GMO analysis. While the developments in the fields of GM animals and new genomic techniques are still evolving, in addition to the Minimum Performance Requirements guidelines also specific recommendations for methods for the detection and quantification of organisms with short genomic alterations and of GM animals are provided. Given that developments in the fields of GM animals and new genomic techniques are ongoing, these recommendations may be further elaborated in the future.


Genetically Engineered Crops

Genetically Engineered Crops
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 607
Release: 2017-01-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309437385

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Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.


Genetically Modified and Irradiated Food

Genetically Modified and Irradiated Food
Author: Veslemøy Andersen
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2020-01-09
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 012817241X

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Genetically Modified and Irradiated Food: Controversial Issues: Facts versus Perceptions explains the technologies used in these processes so they can be understood by those in general public health, scientific organizations, politicians and opinion makers/policymakers. The facts presented include a massive amount of scientific evidence that these technologies are safe and can be beneficial. Because the world is facing a future with an increasing number of people, new technologies are needed to ensure enough safe and healthy food, thus technologies that have the potential to dramatically increase the availability of safe and healthy food should be welcomed by everybody. Includes references to science based research on GMOs Explains the technologies in a clear way that can be understood by the general public Includes a massive amount of scientific evidence that these technologies are safe and can be beneficial