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| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
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| ISBN | : 9789462598058 |
| Author | : Franca Podo |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2017-07-27 |
| Genre | : Cancer |
| ISBN | : 2889452344 |
The inclusion of oncogene-driven reprogramming of energy metabolism within the list of cancer hallmarks (Hanahan and Weinberg, Cell 2000, 2011) has provided major impetus to further investigate the existence of a much wider metabolic rewiring in cancer cells, which not only includes deregulated cellular bioenergetics, but also encompasses multiple links with a more comprehensive network of altered biochemical pathways. This network is currently held responsible for redirecting carbon and phosphorus fluxes through the biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, lipids and phospholipids and for the production of second messengers essential to cancer cells growth, survival and invasiveness in the hostile tumor environment. The capability to develop such a concerted rewiring of biochemical pathways is a versatile tool adopted by cancer cells to counteract the host defense and eventually resist the attack of anticancer treatments. Integrated efforts elucidating key mechanisms underlying this complex cancer metabolic reprogramming have led to the identification of new signatures of malignancy that are providing a strong foundation for improving cancer diagnosis and monitoring tumor response to therapy using appropriate molecular imaging approaches. In particular, the recent evolution of positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), functional MR imaging (fMRI) and optical imaging technologies, combined with complementary cellular imaging approaches, have created new ways to explore and monitor the effects of metabolic reprogramming in cancer at clinical and preclinical levels. Thus, the progress of high-tech engineering and molecular imaging technologies, combined with new generation genomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic methods, can significantly improve the clinical effectiveness of image-based interventions in cancer and provide novel insights to design and validate new targeted therapies. The Frontiers in Oncology Research Topic “Exploring Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming Through Molecular Imaging” focusses on current achievements, challenges and needs in the application of molecular imaging methods to explore cancer metabolic reprogramming, and evaluate its potential impact on clinical decisions and patient outcome. A series of reviews and perspective articles, along with original research contributions on humans and on preclinical models have been concertedly included in the Topic to build an open forum on perspectives, present needs and future challenges of this cutting-edge research area.
| Author | : Sunil Badve |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 642 |
| Release | : 2018-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319952285 |
“Precision/personalized or stratified medicine” refers to the tailoring of medical treatment or drug administration to the individual characteristics of each patient treatment. It does not literally mean that a pharmaceutical company makes a drug for an individual patient for consumption and treatment but rather means the ability to stratify (or classify) individuals into sub-populations that differ in their responsiveness to a specific drug. A marker that provides information on the likely response to therapy, i.e., either in terms of tumor shrinkage or survival of the patient is termed “predictive biomarker”. Despite their promise in precision medicine and the explosion of knowledge in this area, there is not a single source on this subject that puts all this evidence together in a concise or richly illustrated and easy to understand manner. This book provides a collection of ingeniously organized, well-illustrated and up-to-date authoritative chapters divided into five sections that are clear and easy to understand. Section one provides an overview of biomarkers, introduces the basic terminologies, definitions, technologies, tools and concepts associated with this subject in the form of illustrations/graphics, photographs and concise texts. Several recent biomarker endeavors that have been initiated and funded by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, FDA and other International organizations are presented. Section two involves the signaling pathways controlling cell growth and differentiation altered in cancer. This section analyzes how predictive biomarkers are altered (expressed or amplified) across cancer types. Section three explores how predictive biomarkers play a role in patient stratification and tailored treatment in relationship to specific cancers. In addition, it includes discussion on the various precision medicine initiatives that are going on across the globe (e.g. TARGET, NCI-MATCH, BATTLE, SHIVA, etc.). Section four discusses: (a) how pharmaceutical companies validate predictive biomarker assays and accompanying companion diagnostics either internally or externally with partner companies such as central laboratories or clinical research organizations, and (b) how predictive biomarker tests fall under the oversight of US FDA, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and state laws. Section five wraps up novel agents and targets that are being used as targets for cancer therapeutics. The biomarkers associated with these protocols will also be presented. Throughout the book, sidebars, special interest boxes and illustrations are used to explain terms that are either newly introduced, uncommon, or specialized. Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology will serve as a definitive guide for practicing pathologists, oncologists, basic researchers, and personnel in the pharmaceutical or diagnostic industry interested in learning how “predictive biomarkers” are used in precision cancer therapy.
| Author | : Otmar Schober |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 911 |
| Release | : 2020-06-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030426181 |
This book discusses the most significant recent advances in oncological molecular imaging, covering the full spectrum from basic and preclinical research to clinical practice. The content is divided into five sections, the first of which is devoted to standardized and emerging technologies and probe designs for different modalities, such as PET, SPECT, optical and optoacoustic imaging, ultrasound, CT, and MRI. The second section focuses on multiscale preclinical applications ranging from advanced microscopy and mass spectroscopy to whole-body imaging. In the third section, various clinical applications are presented, including image-guided surgery and the radiomic analysis of multiple imaging features. The final two sections are dedicated to the emerging, crucial role that molecular imaging can play in the planning and monitoring of external and internal radiotherapy, and to future challenges and prospects in multimodality imaging. Given its scope, the handbook will benefit all readers who are interested in the revolution in diagnostic and therapeutic oncology that is now being brought about by molecular imaging.
| Author | : Giampietro Gasparini |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 335 |
| Release | : 2008-01-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 159259915X |
Expert laboratory and clinical researchers from around the world review how to design and evaluate studies of tumor markers and examine their use in breast cancer patients. The authors cover both the major advances in sophisticated molecular methods and the state-of-the-art in conventional prognostic and predictive indicators. Among the topics discussed are the relevance of rigorous study design and guidelines for the validation studies of new biomarkers, gene expression profiling by tissue microarrays, adjuvant systemic therapy, and the use of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptors as both prognostic and predictive indicators. Highlights include the evaluation of HER2 and EGFR family members, of p53, and of UPA/PAI-1; the detection of rare cells in blood and marrow; and the detection and analysis of soluble, circulating markers.
| Author | : Zhao Li |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 184 |
| Release | : 2015 |
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The common theme of my 5-year PhD research is to channel progress in spin physics and nano-bio-materials into meaningful improvements in the theoretical studies, methodological developments, and advanced applications of magnetic resonance (MR) to: 1) MR Molecular Imaging: to detect lesions (especially cancers) at early stages through imaging the existence and locations of physiologically important biomarkers; and 2) MR Nano Medicine: to cure diseases (especially cancers) by targeted therapy through nanodrugs and hyperthermia. The research activities had encompassed a balanced approach to develop a rigorous theoretical understanding on sensitively imaging magnetic nanoparticles by active- feedback spin dynamics of selective self-excitation and fixed-point dynamics on one hand and sound methodology with biomedical applicability to early pancreatic cancers and brain tumors detection on the other. Computer simulations, phantom experiments of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and in vivo experiments of orthotopic pancreatic cancer and brain tumor mouse models had been used to validate the applicability and efficacy of our proposed methods. The major research projects and achievements with my coworkers under the supervision of Prof. Yung-Ya Lin include: 1) Developed original MR method, "Active-Feedback Fixed-Point Imaging", for early cancer detection, with both quantum and classical formulation of the spin dynamics. 2) Demonstrated 3-5 times of enhancement in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of early pancreatic cancers which were targeted and labeled by CA19-9 conjugated magnetic nanoparticles by our "Spin Avalanche Amplification" method, based on statistics from 7 orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models. 3) Demonstrated 4-10 times of enhancement in the CNR of early GBM (glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and aggressive form of brain cancers) by our "Active-Feedback Fixed-Point Imaging" method, based on statistics from 20 orthotopic GBM mouse models. 4) Developed novel multifunctional, theranostic, smart nanoparticles, called "UCS-Gd-Dox" for MR imaging and targeted cancer therapy. By conjugating Gd3+ at the stable core of unibody core-shell polymer (UCS) and encapsulating doxorubicin (Dox) at the shell in a pH-sensitive manner, we achieved a selective drug release (75% difference between pH 7.4 and 5.5) and MR imaging (r1 = 0.9 and 14.5 mM-1s-1 at pH 7.4 and 5.5, respectively). The anti-cancer effect is significantly better than free cancer drugs in tumor-bearing mouse models, presumably due to enhanced permeability and retention effect and pH-triggered release. 5) Formulated more accurate theoretical description to magnetic resonance hyperthermia, including aggregation/disruption of monomers/clusters and nonlinear response under strong external magnetic field.
| Author | : Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 2015-12-21 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1118468570 |
Targeted Therapy in Translational Cancer Research for the Translational Oncology series provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in our understanding of tumor biology, elucidates the roles of targets and pathways involved in carcinogenesis, and describes current state-of-the-art anticancer therapy, as well as the most promising areas of translational research and targeted therapy. Introduces cutting-edge ‘bench to bedside and back’ breakthroughs which have transformed the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer Covers basic principles of targeted therapy, including immunotherapy and the roles of cancer stem cells, the microenvironment, angiogenesis, epigenetics, microRNAs, and functional imaging in precision medicine Summarises major advances in therapeutic management of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors using conventional therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or novel treatment modalities
| Author | : Søren M. Bentzen |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 347 |
| Release | : 2007-09-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0387367446 |
This book provides an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the exciting new developments shaping the current and future practice of radiation oncology. Advances in treatment planning and delivery, in biological targeted therapies combined with radiation and in functional and molecular imaging are all covered in a single volume. All of these advances are discussed by leading experts in the field and with a critical evaluation of their clinical relevance throughout.
| Author | : Sherry X. Yang |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 678 |
| Release | : 2021-02-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1000367517 |
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fast-evolving subject of clinical application of cancer therapeutic biomarkers. The second edition captures significant progress of cancer immunotherapy and emphasizes the genetic basis for selective cancer treatment. It covers an in-depth insight on biomarkers across a broad area of cancer research and oncology with a wealth of integrated genetic and molecular information about specific therapies by a multidisciplinary team of internationally recognized experts. Each chapter focuses on a class of targeted, immunologic, or chemotherapy agents and their companion biomarkers that predict response, benefit or resistance, and severe adverse event. The book will serve as a handbook for health professionals and scientists on the current applicable biomarkers in the management of cancer. The vision into the systemic classification and statistical consideration of therapeutic biomarkers summarized by the book editors and chapter authors will help advance precision medicine—a precisely tailored cancer treatment strategy for cancer patient care.
| Author | : Antonio Luna |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 557 |
| Release | : 2013-12-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 364240412X |
In the new era of functional and molecular imaging, both currently available imaging biomarkers and biomarkers under development are expected to lead to major changes in the management of oncological patients. This well-illustrated two-volume book is a practical manual on the various imaging techniques capable of delivering functional information on cancer, including preclinical and clinical imaging techniques, based on US, CT, MRI, PET and hybrid modalities. This first volume explains the biophysical basis for these functional imaging techniques and describes the techniques themselves. Detailed information is provided on the imaging of cancer hallmarks, including angiogenesis, tumor metabolism, and hypoxia. The techniques and their roles are then discussed individually, covering the full range of modalities in clinical use as well as new molecular and functional techniques. The value of a multiparametric approach is also carefully considered.
