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Synoptic Climatology in Environmental Analysis

Synoptic Climatology in Environmental Analysis
Author: Brent Yarnal
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 224
Release: 1993
Genre: Nature
ISBN:

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This book introduces the methods of synoptic climatology - the relationship between the atmospheric circulation and the surface environment - and shows the vital importance of this approach in the understanding of environmental systems. This innovative and up-to-date text is both a primer for environmental scientists and a text in applied climatology for students of atmosphere science and geography. This book is constructed around the principal analytical methods of synoptic climatology: manual classification, correlation-based map-pattern classification, eigenvector-based classifications, composites and circulation indices. Four environmental scenarios illustrate the application of the synoptic climatological methods: these are urban air quality, acid rain, crop yield and fluvial hydrology.


Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology

Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology
Author: Roger G. Barry
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 633
Release: 2013-03-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1134969740

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Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology provides the first comprehensive account of the dynamical behaviour and mechanisms of the global climate system and its components, together with a modern survey of synoptic-scale weather systems in the tropics and extratropics, and of the methods and applications of synoptic climate classification. It is unrivalled in the scope and detail of its contents. The work is thoroughly up to date, with extensive bibliographies by chapter. It is illustrated with nearly 300 figures and plates. *Part 1 provides an introduction to the global climate system and the space-time scales of weather and climate processes, followed by a chapter on climate data and their analysis *Part 2 describes and explains the characteristics of the general circulation of the global atmosphere and includes the nature and causes of global teleconnection patterns *Part 3 discusses synoptic weather systems in the extratropics and tropics and satellite-based climatologies of synoptic features. It also describes the applications of synoptic climatology and summarises current climatic research and its directions.


Regional Climate Change Predictions from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies High Resolution Gcm

Regional Climate Change Predictions from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies High Resolution Gcm
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2018-10-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9781728941516

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Model simulations of global climate change are seen as an essential component of any program aimed at understanding human impact on the global environment. A major weakness of current general circulation models (GCMs), however, is their inability to predict reliably the regional consequences of a global scale change, and it is these regional scale predictions that are necessary for studies of human/environmental response. This research is directed toward the development of a methodology for the validation of the synoptic scale climatology of GCMs. This is developed with regard to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM Model 2, with the specific objective of using the synoptic circulation form a doubles CO2 simulation to estimate regional climate change over North America, south of Hudson Bay. This progress report is specifically concerned with validating the synoptic climatology of the GISS GCM, and developing the transfer function to derive grid-point temperatures from the synoptic circulation. Principal Components Analysis is used to characterize the primary modes of the spatial and temporal variability in the observed and simulated climate, and the model validation is based on correlations between component loadings, and power spectral analysis of the component scores. The results show that the high resolution GISS model does an excellent job of simulating the synoptic circulation over the U.S., and that grid-point temperatures can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from the circulation patterns. Crane, Robert G. and Hewitson, Bruce Unspecified Center NAG5-1133...


Encyclopedia of World Climatology

Encyclopedia of World Climatology
Author: John E. Oliver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 873
Release: 2008-04-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402032641

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Today, given the well-publicized impacts of events such as El Niño, there is an unequaled public awareness of how climate affects the quality of life and environment. Such awareness has created an increasing demand for accurate climatological information. This information is now available in one convenient, accessible source, the Encyclopedia of World Climatology. This comprehensive volume covers all the main subfields of climatology, supplies information on climates in major continental areas, and explains the intricacies of climatic processes. The level of presentation will meet the needs of specialists, university students, and educated laypersons. A successor to the 1986 Encyclopedia of Climatology, this compendium provides a clear explanation of current knowledge and research directions in modern climatology. This new encyclopedia emphasizes climatological developments that have evolved over the past twenty years. It offers more than 200 informative articles prepared by 150 experts on numerous subjects, ranging from standard areas of study to the latest research studies. The relationship between climatology and both physical and social science is fully explored, as is the significance of climate for our future well-being. The information is organized for speedy access. Entries are conveniently arranged in alphabetical order, thoroughly indexed, and cross-referenced. Every entry contains useful citations to additional source materials. The Editor John E. Oliver is Professor Emeritus at Indiana State University. He holds a B.Sc. from London University, and a MA and Ph.D from Columbia University. He taught at Columbia University and then at Indiana State where he was formerly Chair of the Geography-Geology Department, and Assoc iate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences. He has written many books and journal articles in Climatology, Applied Climatology and Physical Geography.


Temporal Climatology and Anomalous Weather Analysis

Temporal Climatology and Anomalous Weather Analysis
Author: Weihong Qian
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 697
Release: 2017-02-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811036411

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By breaking down atmospheric variables into temporal climatologies and anomalies, this book demonstrates that all weather extremes and climatic events are directly associated with the anomaly component of atmospheric motion. We can use the anomaly-based synoptic chart and dynamical parameters to objectively describe these extremes and events. The conception and differences of weather, climate and general circulation tend to confuse us, because there are no clear physical definitions available for them. Weather extremes such as heat waves, cold surges, freezing rains, heavy rains, severe drought, unusual storm tracks, and tornados are common on our planet’s surface. Climatic events such as Arctic warming and declining sea ice have become hot topics in recent years. An approach based on breaking down total variables into temporal climatologies and anomalies can be used to identify general circulation, analyze climatic anomalies and forecast weather extremes. Accordingly, this book will appeal to students, teachers and forecasters in the field of weather and climate alike.


Historical Climate Variability and Impacts in North America

Historical Climate Variability and Impacts in North America
Author: Lesley-Ann Dupigny-Giroux
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 279
Release: 2009-09-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9048128285

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Climatologists with an eye on the past have any number of sources for their work, from personal diaries to weather station reports. Piecing together the trajectory of a weather event can thus be a painstaking process taking years and involving real detective work. Missing pieces of a climate puzzle can come from very far afield, often in unlikely places. In this book, a series of case studies examine specific regions across North America, using instrumental and documentary data from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Extreme weather events such as the Sitka hurricane of 1880 are recounted in detail, while the chapters also cover more widespread phenomena such as the collapse of the Low Country rice culture. The book also looks at the role of weather station histories in complementing the instrumental record, and sets out the methods that involve early instrumental and documentary climate data. Finally, the book’s focus on North America reflects the fact that the historical climate community there has only grown relatively recently. Up to now, most such studies have focused on Europe and Asia. The four sections begin with regional case studies, and move on to reconstruct extreme events and parameters. This is followed by the role of station history and, lastly, methodologies and other analyses. The editors’ aim has been to produce a volume that would be instrumental in molding the next generation of historical climatologists. They designed this book for use by general researchers as well as in upper-level undergraduate or graduate level courses.