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| Author | : Simon A. COLE |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 381 |
| Release | : 2009-06-30 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0674029682 |
"Cole excavates the forgotten and hidden history of criminal identification--from photography to exotic anthropometric systems based on measuring body parts, from fingerprinting to DNA typing"--Jacket.
| Author | : YUN YAO |
| Publisher | : American Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 2024-03-11 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 1631814753 |
This study mainly focuses on the reciprocal relationship between language and identity in Chinese police-suspect investigative interviews. Based on the theory of interpersonal pragmatics, it makes a general micro analysis of discursive practices of both police officers and suspects and explores the multiple identities constructed in the interaction. Identities constructed by police officers and suspects are not necessarily consistent with their predetermined institutional roles. Police officers not only project and construct powerful identities, but also intentionally construct their less powerful interactional identities, such as helpers, interlocutors, and listeners. Suspects in the investigative interviews also build multifaceted identities, such as confessors, storytellers or justifiers. Various factors such as institutional settings, communicative objectives, interlocutors, epistemics and interpersonal relationships may exert influence on participants’ identity construction. Police officers and suspects may choose or adjust their expressions according to local interactional contexts. Their linguistic choice in the interaction will affect the establishment of interpersonal relationship between them and ultimately achieve construction of multiple identities.
| Author | : Ellen Samuels |
| Publisher | : NYU Press |
| Total Pages | : 277 |
| Release | : 2014-04-25 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1479821373 |
Explores the roots of modern understandings of bodily identity In the mid-nineteenth-century United States, as it became increasingly difficult to distinguish between bodies understood as black, white, or Indian; able-bodied or disabled; and male or female, intense efforts emerged to define these identities as biologically distinct and scientifically verifiable in a literally marked body. Combining literary analysis, legal history, and visual culture, Ellen Samuels traces the evolution of the “fantasy of identification”—the powerful belief that embodied social identities are fixed, verifiable, and visible through modern science. From birthmarks and fingerprints to blood quantum and DNA, she examines how this fantasy has circulated between cultural representations, law, science, and policy to become one of the most powerfully institutionalized ideologies of modern society. Yet, as Samuels demonstrates, in every case, the fantasy distorts its claimed scientific basis, substituting subjective language for claimed objective fact. From its early emergence in discourses about disability fakery and fugitive slaves in the nineteenth century to its most recent manifestation in the question of sex testing at the 2012 Olympic Games, Fantasies of Identification explores the roots of modern understandings of bodily identity.
| Author | : Emilio Mordini |
| Publisher | : IOS Press |
| Total Pages | : 144 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1586039407 |
Many people think of personal identification as only part of the security/surveillance apparatus. This is likely to be an oversimplification, which largely misrepresents the reality. 'Personal identity' means two separate concepts, namely that an individual belongs to specific categories and also that this individual is distinguished by other persons and understood as one. In other words, there are two different aspects involved in personal recognition: distinguishing between individuals and distinguishing between sets of people. The latter is likely to be the real issue. Dictatorships of any kind and totalitarian regimes have always ruled by categorizing people and by creating different classes of subjects. When rules want their subjects to humiliate themselves or their fellows, they create categories of people or exploit existing categories. From social and political points of view this allows a process known as 'pseudospeciation' to be produced. Pseudospeciation is a process which turns social and cultural differences into biological diversities. It promotes cooperation within social groups, overpowering the selfish interests of individuals in favor of collective interests, yet it also inhibits cooperation between groups, and it fosters conflict and mistrust. This work is dedicated to the thorny and multifaceted relations between identity, security and democracy. Identity, Security and Democracy shows how full of nuances the process of human identification is. IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields.
| Author | : Keith Breckenridge |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 265 |
| Release | : 2014-10-02 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1316123944 |
Biometric identification and registration systems are being proposed by governments and businesses across the world. Surprisingly they are under most rapid, and systematic, development in countries in Africa and Asia. In this groundbreaking book, Keith Breckenridge traces how the origins of the systems being developed in places like India, Mexico, Nigeria and Ghana can be found in a century-long history of biometric government in South Africa, with the South African experience of centralized fingerprint identification unparalleled in its chronological depth and demographic scope. He shows how empire, and particularly the triangular relationship between India, the Witwatersrand and Britain, established the special South African obsession with biometric government, and shaped the international politics that developed around it for the length of the twentieth century. He also examines the political effects of biometric registration systems, revealing their consequences for the basic workings of the institutions of democracy and authoritarianism.
| Author | : Phil Huxley |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2016-08-25 |
| Genre | : Evidence |
| ISBN | : 0198768346 |
'Blackstone's Statutes' have been designed specifically with the law student in mind. Each book has been compiled to meet the needs of specific courses. This work covers evidence.
| Author | : Daniel J. Solove |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 234 |
| Release | : 2010-03-30 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0674972031 |
Privacy is one of the most important concepts of our time, yet it is also one of the most elusive. As rapidly changing technology makes information increasingly available, scholars, activists, and policymakers have struggled to define privacy, with many conceding that the task is virtually impossible. In this concise and lucid book, Daniel J. Solove offers a comprehensive overview of the difficulties involved in discussions of privacy and ultimately provides a provocative resolution. He argues that no single definition can be workable, but rather that there are multiple forms of privacy, related to one another by family resemblances. His theory bridges cultural differences and addresses historical changes in views on privacy. Drawing on a broad array of interdisciplinary sources, Solove sets forth a framework for understanding privacy that provides clear, practical guidance for engaging with relevant issues. Understanding Privacy will be an essential introduction to long-standing debates and an invaluable resource for crafting laws and policies about surveillance, data mining, identity theft, state involvement in reproductive and marital decisions, and other pressing contemporary matters concerning privacy.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 212 |
| Release | : 2015-01-16 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0309310628 |
Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda.
| Author | : James B. Jacobs |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 413 |
| Release | : 2015-02-09 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 067496716X |
For over sixty million Americans, possessing a criminal record overshadows everything else about their public identity. A rap sheet, or even a court appearance or background report that reveals a run-in with the law, can have fateful consequences for a person’s interactions with just about everyone else. The Eternal Criminal Record makes transparent a pervasive system of police databases and identity screening that has become a routine feature of American life. The United States is unique in making criminal information easy to obtain by employers, landlords, neighbors, even cyberstalkers. Its nationally integrated rap-sheet system is second to none as an effective law enforcement tool, but it has also facilitated the transfer of ever more sensitive information into the public domain. While there are good reasons for a person’s criminal past to be public knowledge, records of arrests that fail to result in convictions are of questionable benefit. Simply by placing someone under arrest, a police officer has the power to tag a person with a legal history that effectively incriminates him or her for life. In James Jacobs’s view, law-abiding citizens have a right to know when individuals in their community or workplace represent a potential threat. But convicted persons have rights, too. Jacobs closely examines the problems created by erroneous record keeping, critiques the way the records of individuals who go years without a new conviction are expunged, and proposes strategies for eliminating discrimination based on criminal history, such as certifying the records of those who have demonstrated their rehabilitation.
| Author | : Jean Comaroff |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 2016-12-05 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 022642491X |
This new book by the well-known anthropologists Jean and John L. Comaroff explores the global preoccupation with criminality in the early twenty-first century, a preoccupation strikingly disproportionate, in most places and for most people, to the risks posed by lawlessness to the conduct of everyday life. Ours in an epoch in which law-making, law-breaking, and law-enforcement are ever more critical registers in which societies construct, contest, and confront truths about themselves, an epoch in which criminology, broadly defined, has displaced sociology as the privileged means by which the social world knows itself. They also argue that as the result of a tectonic shift in the triangulation of capital, the state, and governance, the meanings attached to crime and, with it, the nature of policing, have undergone significant change; also, that there has been a palpable muddying of the lines between legality and illegality, between corruption and conventional business; even between crime-and-policing, which exist, nowadays, in ever greater, hyphenated complicity. Thinking through Crime and Policing is, therefore, an excursion into the contemporary Order of Things; or, rather, into the metaphysic of disorder that saturates the late modern world, indeed, has become its leitmotif. It is also a meditation on sovereignty and citizenship, on civility, class, and race, on the law and its transgression, on the political economy of representation.
