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| Author | : Ward Waddell |
| Publisher | : San Diego, Calif.: The Author |
| Total Pages | : 128 |
| Release | : 1961 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Ward Waddell (Jr.) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 99 |
| Release | : 1961 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Daniel E. Rose |
| Publisher | : Psychology Press |
| Total Pages | : 336 |
| Release | : 2013-06-17 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 113478001X |
Many existing information retrieval (IR) systems are surprisingly ineffective at finding documents relevant to particular topics. Traditional systems are extremely brittle, failing to retrieve relevant documents unless the user's exact search string is found. They support only the most primitive trial-and-error interaction with their users and are also static. Even systems with so-called "relevance feedback" are incapable of learning from experience with users. SCALIR (a Symbolic and Connectionist Approach to Legal Information Retrieval) -- a system for assisting research on copyright law -- has been designed to address these problems. By using a hybrid of symbolic and connectionist artificial intelligence techniques, SCALIR develops a conceptual representation of document relationships without explicit knowledge engineering. SCALIR's direct manipulation interface encourages users to browse through the space of documents. It then uses these browsing patterns to improve its performance by modifying its representation, resulting in a communal repository of expertise for all of its users. SCALIR's representational scheme also mirrors the hybrid nature of the Anglo-American legal system. While certain legal concepts are precise and rule-like, others -- which legal scholars call "open-textured" -- are subject to interpretation. The meaning of legal text is established through the parallel and distributed precedence-based judicial appeal system. SCALIR represents documents and terms as nodes in a network, capturing the duality of the legal system by using symbolic (semantic network) and connectionist links. The former correspond to a priori knowledge such as the fact that one case overturned another on appeal. The latter correspond to statistical inferences such as the relevance of a term describing a case. SCALIR's text corpus includes all federal cases on copyright law. The hybrid representation also suggests a way to resolve the apparent incompatibility between the two prominent paradigms in artificial intelligence, the "classical" symbol-manipulation approach and the neurally-inspired connectionist approach. Part of the book focuses on a characterization of the two paradigms and an investigation of when and how -- as in the legal research domain -- they can be effectively combined.
| Author | : Mauricio García-Villegas |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 241 |
| Release | : 2018-05-03 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 1108482716 |
García-Villegas compares the scholarship on the relationship between law, political power, and society in the United States and France.
| Author | : Tiansi Dong |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 155 |
| Release | : 2020-08-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030562751 |
The unification of symbolist and connectionist models is a major trend in AI. The key is to keep the symbolic semantics unchanged. Unfortunately, present embedding approaches cannot. The approach in this book makes the unification possible. It is indeed a new and promising approach in AI. -Bo Zhang, Director of AI Institute, Tsinghua It is indeed wonderful to see the reviving of the important theme Nural Symbolic Model. Given the popularity and prevalence of deep learning, symbolic processing is often neglected or downplayed. This book confronts this old issue head on, with a historical look, incorporating recent advances and new perspectives, thus leading to promising new methods and approaches. -Ron Sun (RPI), on Governing Board of Cognitive Science Society Both for language and humor, approaches like those described in this book are the way to snickerdoodle wombats. -Christian F. Hempelmann (Texas A&M-Commerce) on Executive Board of International Society for Humor Studies
| Author | : Edward C. Whitmont |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2020-05-05 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0691213186 |
This book explores the use and development of man's symbolizing capacities-those qualities that make him distinctly human. Dr. Whitmont describes the symbolic approach to a dream, which takes into account a symptom's meaning in reference to an unfolding wholeness of personality. He then presents the view that the instinctual urge for meaning is served by the symbolizing capacities, and that this urge has been repressed in our time. In the field of psychology, this symbolic approach is most fully exemplified by the theories of C. G. Jung. The author's contribution includes many differentiations and speculations, especially concerning the problems of relatedness.
| Author | : R.R. Bowker Company. Department of Bibliography |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 2530 |
| Release | : 1978 |
| Genre | : United States |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Armando Oliveira |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 251 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 3642777023 |
This book is based on the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Structures of Com munication and Intelligent Help for Hypermedia Courseware, which was held at Espinho, Portugal, April 19-24, 1990. The texts included here should not be regarded as untouched proceedings of this meeting, but as the result of the reflections which took place there and which led the authors to revise their texts in that light. The Espinho ARW was itself to some extent the continuation of the ARW on Designing Hypermedia/Hypertext for Learning, held in Germany in 1989 (D. H. Jonassen, H. Mandl (eds.): Designing Hypermedia for Learning. NATO ASI Series F, Vol. 67. Springer 1990). At that meeting an essential conclusion becarne apparent: the importance and interest of hyper media products as potential pedagogical tools. It was then already predictable that the enormous evolution of hypermedia would lead to its association with multimedia technologies, namely for the production of courseware. Parallel to the improvement of the didactic potential and quality which results from this association, it nevertheless brought along a natural array of difficulties, some old, some new, in the con ception and use of hypermedia products. Today there is agreement that one of the most promising technological advances for education is represented by the use of text, sound and images based on nonlinear techniques of information handling and searching of hypermedia architectures. The problem of hypermedia is fundamentally one of communication; this leads to an attempt at defining a language for hypermedia.
| Author | : Bart van Klink |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 301 |
| Release | : 2016-08-31 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 3319333658 |
This edited volume covers new ground by bringing together perspectives from symbolic legislation theory on the one hand, and from biolaw and bioethics on the other hand. Symbolic legislation has a bad name. It usually refers to instances of legislation which are ineffective and that serve other political and social goals than the goals officially stated. Recently, a more positive notion of symbolic legislation has emerged in legislative theory. From this perspective, symbolic legislation is regarded as a positive alternative to the more traditional, top-down legislative approach. The legislature no longer merely issues commands backed up with severe sanctions, as in instrumental legislation. Instead, lawmakers provide open and aspirational norms that are meant to change behavior not by means of threat, but indirectly, through debate and social interaction. Since the 1990s, biomedical developments have revived discussions on symbolic legislation. One of the reasons is that biomedical legislation touches on deep-rooted, symbolic-cultural representations of the biological aspects of human life. Moreover, as it is often impossible to reach consensus on these controversial questions, legislators have sought alternative ways to develop legal frameworks. Consequently, communicative and interactive approaches to legislation are prominent within the governance of medical biotechnology. The symbolic dimensions of biolaw are often overlooked. Yet, it is clear that the symbolic is at the heart of many legal-political debates on bioethical questions. Since the rise of biomedical technologies, human body materials have acquired a scientific, medical and even commercial value. These new approaches, which radically question existing legal symbolizations of the human body, raise the question whether and how the law should continue to reflect symbolic values and meanings. Moreover, how can we decide what these symbolic values are, given the fact that we live in a pluralistic society?
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 1963 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
