Strength From Weakness Structural Consequences Of Weak Interactions In Molecules Supermolecules And Crystals PDF Download

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Strength from Weakness: Structural Consequences of Weak Interactions in Molecules, Supermolecules, and Crystals

Strength from Weakness: Structural Consequences of Weak Interactions in Molecules, Supermolecules, and Crystals
Author: Aldo Domenicano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 419
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 940100546X
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The accurate determination of the structure of molecular systems provides information about the consequences of weak interactions both within and between molecules. These consequences impact the properties of the materials and the behaviour in interactions with other substances. The book presents modern experimental and computational techniques for the determination of molecular structure. It also highlights applications ranging from the simplest molecules to DNA and industrially significant materials. Readership: Graduate students and researchers in structural chemistry, computational chemistry, molecular spectroscopy, crystallography, supramolecular chemistry, solid state chemistry and physics, and materials science.

Electron Crystallography

Electron Crystallography
Author: Thomas E. Weirich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 533
Release: 2006-08-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402039204
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During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. Moreover, these developments have been accompanied by a now available new generation of computer controlled electron microscopes equipped with high-coherent field-emission sources, cryo-specimen holders, ultra-fast CCD cameras, imaging plates, energy filters and even correctors for electron optical distortions. Thus, a fast and semi-automatic data acquisition from small sample areas, similar to what we today know from imaging plates diffraction systems in X-ray crystallography, can be envisioned for the very near future. This progress clearly shows that the contribution of electron crystallography is quite unique, as it enables to reveal the intimate structure of samples with high accuracy but on much smaller samples than have ever been investigated by X-ray diffraction. As a tribute to these tremendous recent achievements, this NATO Advanced Study Institute was devoted to the novel approaches of electron crystallography for structure determination of nanosized materials.

Science of Crystal Structures

Science of Crystal Structures
Author: Istvan Hargittai
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 331
Release: 2015-09-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319198270
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A volume which includes entries on quasicrystals, icosahedral packing, other packing considerations, extended structures, data treatment and data mining is presented by luminaries from the crystallography community. Several of the contributions are from the schools of such trend-setting crystallographers as J. Desmond Bernal and Aleksandr I. Kitaigorodskii. Internationally renowned scientists contributed such as Tom L. Blundell, Johann Jacob Burckhardt, John L. Finney, Jenny P. Glusker, Nobel laureate Herbert A. Hauptman, the 2014 Ewald-Prize winner A. Janner, Aminoff-Prize winner Isabella Karle, Nobel laureate Jerome Karle, Buckley-Prize winner Alan L. Mackay, Ewald-Prize winner David Sayre, Vladimir Shevchenko, and J. Fraser Stoddart. A few frontier topics dominate the selected material. Pioneers of the direct methods describe the phase problem and how it was solved, including the mathematical approach and the utilization of experience with gas-phase electron diffraction. The reviews by Herbert Hauptman, Jerome and Isabella Karle, and David Sayre reach to the present day in assessing the possibilities of X-ray crystallography. Another focus topic is the investigation of systems that are outside the so-called classical system of crystals. They include quasicrystals, imperfect and very small crystals, supramolecular species, crystal structures without lattice, clusters, nanomaterials among others. Application of synchrotron and cryoprotection techniques, the free-electron laser flash technique and others are mentioned in addition to X-ray crystallography. The relationship between structural and materials properties are examined and uncovered. The broader topics of the so-called generalized crystallography include polymers, clusters, polydisperse chain assemblies, and giant icosahedral fullerenes. There are some key contributions related to the structural investigation of biological macromolecules.

Relativistic Methods for Chemists

Relativistic Methods for Chemists
Author: Maria Barysz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 622
Release: 2010-04-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402099754
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“Relativistic Methods for Chemists”, written by a highly qualified team of authors, is targeted at both experimentalists and theoreticians interested in the area of relativistic effects in atomic and molecular systems and processes and in their consequences for the interpretation of the heavy element’s chemistry. The theoretical part of the book focuses on the relativistic methods for molecular calculations discussing relativistic two-component theory, density functional theory, pseudopotentials and correlations. The experimentally oriented chapters describe the use of relativistic methods in different applications focusing on the design of new materials based on heavy element compounds, the role of the spin-orbit coupling in photochemistry and photobiology, and chirality and its relations to relativistic description of matter and radiation. This book is written at an intermediate level in order to appeal to a broader audience than just experts working in the field of relativistic theory.

The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements
Author: Matthias Schädel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 530
Release: 2013-11-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642374662
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The second edition of "The Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements" provides a complete coverage of the chemistry of a series of elements beginning with atomic number 104 – the transactinides or superheavy elements – including their nuclear properties and production in nuclear reactions at heavy-ion accelerators. The contributors to this work include many renowned scientists who, during the last decades, have made vast contributions towards understanding the physics and chemistry of these elusive elements, both experimentally and theoretically. The main emphasis here is on demonstrating the fascinating studies involved in probing the architecture of the Periodic Table at its uppermost end, where relativistic effects drastically influence chemical properties. All known chemical properties of these elements are described together with the experimental techniques applied to study these short-lived man-made elements one atom-at-a-time. The status of theoretical chemistry and of empirical models is presented as well as aspects of nuclear physics. In addition, one chapter outlines the meanderings in this field from a historical perspective and the search for superheavy elements in Nature.

Brilliance in Exile

Brilliance in Exile
Author: István Hargittai
Publisher: Central European University Press
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2023-03-10
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 9633866073
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By addressing the enigma of the exceptional success of Hungarian emigrant scientists and telling their life stories, Brilliance in Exile combines scholarly analysis with fascinating portrayals of uncommon personalities. István and Balazs Hargittai discuss the conditions that led to five different waves of emigration of scientists from the early twentieth century to the present. Although these exodes were driven by a broad variety of personal motivations, the attraction of an open society with inclusiveness, tolerance, and – needless to say – better circumstances for working and living, was the chief force drawing them abroad. While emigration from East to West is a general phenomenon, this book explains why and how the emigration of Hungarian scientists is distinctive. The high number of Nobel Prizes among this group is only one indicator. Multicultural tolerance, a quickly emerging, considerably Jewish, urban middle class, and a very effective secondary school system were positive legacies of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Multiple generations, shaped by these conditions, suffered from the increasingly exclusionist, intolerant, antisemitic, and economically stagnating environment, and chose to go elsewhere. “I would rather have roots than wings, but if I cannot have roots, I shall use wings," explained Leo Szilard, one of the fathers of the Atom Bomb.

The Nature of the Hydrogen Bond

The Nature of the Hydrogen Bond
Author: Gastone Gilli
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2009-06-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0199558965
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This book defines, for the first time, the rules for predicting H-bond energies and geometries from the properties of the interacting molecules. This new knowledge is used to investigate the molecular mechanisms in systems relevant to chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, crystallography, and material sciences.

Candid Science Iv: Conversations With Famous Physicists

Candid Science Iv: Conversations With Famous Physicists
Author: Magdolna Hargittai
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 726
Release: 2004-04-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1783260890
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Candid Science IV: Conversations with Famous Physicists contains 36 interviews with well-known physicists, including 20 Nobel laureates, Templeton Prize winners, Wolf Prize winners, and other luminaries. Physics has been one of the determining fields of science in the past 100 years, playing a conspicuous role not only in science but also in world politics and economics. These in-depth conversations provide a glimpse into the greatest achievements of physics during the past few decades, featuring stories of the discoveries, and showing the human drama behind them. The greatest physicists are brought into close human proximity as if readers were having a conversation with them. The interviewees span a wide range of scientists, from such early giants as Eugene Wigner and Mark Oliphant to members of the youngest generation such as the 2001 Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle. The list includes famous personalities of our time, such as Steven Weinberg, Leon Lederman, Norman Ramsey, Edward Teller, John Wheeler, Mildred Dresselhaus, Maurice Goldhaber, Benoit Mandelbrot, John Polkinghorne, and Freeman Dyson./a

Candid Science V: Conversations With Famous Scientists

Candid Science V: Conversations With Famous Scientists
Author: Istvan Hargittai
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 712
Release: 2005-04-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1783260467
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Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists contains 36 interviews with well-known scientists, including 19 Nobel laureates, Wolf Prize winners, and other luminaries. These in-depth conversations provide a glimpse into some of the greatest achievements in science during the past few decades, featuring stories of the discoveries, and showing the human drama behind them. The greatest scientists are brought into close human proximity as if readers were having a conversation with them. This volume departs from the previous ones in that it contains interviews with mathematicians in addition to physicists, chemists, and biomedical scientists. Another peculiarity of this volume is that it includes nine interviews from another project, the collection of the late Clarence Larson, former Commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission and his wife, Jane (”Larson Tapes”).

Candid Science Iii: More Conversations With Famous Chemists

Candid Science Iii: More Conversations With Famous Chemists
Author: Istvan Hargittai
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 519
Release: 2003-03-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1783261110
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In this invaluable book, 36 famous chemists, including 18 Nobel laureates, tell the reader about their lives in science, the beginnings of their careers, their aspirations, and their hardships and triumphs. The reader will learn about their seminal discoveries, and the conversations in the book bring out the humanity of these great scientists. Highlighted in the stories are the discovery of new elements and compounds, the VSEPR model, computational chemistry, organic synthesis, natural products, polysaccharides, supramolecular chemistry, peptide synthesis, combinatorial chemistry, X-ray crystallography, the reaction mechanism and kinetics, electron transfer in small and large systems, non-equilibrium systems, oscillating reactions, atmospheric chemistry, chirality, and the history of chemistry.