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Strangeness and Charge Symmetry Violation in Nucleon Structure

Strangeness and Charge Symmetry Violation in Nucleon Structure
Author: Phiala Elisabeth Shanahan
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2016-05-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319314386

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This thesis discusses two key topics: strangeness and charge symmetry violation (CSV) in the nucleon. It also provides a pedagogical introduction to chiral effective field theory tailored to the high-precision era of lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Because the nucleon has zero net strangeness, strange observables give tremendous insight into the nature of the vacuum; they can only arise through quantum fluctuations in which strange–antistrange quark pairs are generated. As a result, the precise values of these quantities within QCD are important in physics arenas as diverse as precision tests of QCD, searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, and the interpretation of dark matter direct-detection experiments. Similarly, the precise knowledge of CSV observables has, with increasing experimental precision, become essential to the interpretation of many searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this thesis, the numerical lattice gauge theory approach to QCD is combined with the chiral perturbation theory formalism to determine strange and CSV quantities in a diverse range of observables including the octet baryon masses, sigma terms, electromagnetic form factors, and parton distribution functions. This thesis builds a comprehensive and coherent picture of the current status of understanding of strangeness and charge symmetry violation in the nucleon.


Strange Quark Contribution to the Nucleon

Strange Quark Contribution to the Nucleon
Author: Dean Darnell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 122
Release: 2006
Genre: Lattice theory
ISBN:

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The strangeness contribution to the electric and magnetic properties of the nucleon has been under investigation experimentally for many years. Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) gives theoretical predictions of these measurements by implementing the continuum gauge theory on a discrete, mathematical Euclidean space-time lattice which provides a cutoff removing the ultra-violet divergences. In this dissertation we will discuss effective methods using LQCD that will lead to a better determination of the strangeness contribution to the nucleon properties. Strangeness calculations are demanding technically and computationally. Sophisticated techniques are required to carry them to completion. In this thesis, new theoretical and computational methods for this calculation such as twisted mass fermions, perturbative subtraction, and General Minimal Residual (GMRES) techniques which have proven useful in the determination of these form factors will be investigated. Numerical results of the scalar form factor using these techniques are presented. These results give validation to these methods in future calculations of the strange quark contribution to the electric and magnetic form factors.


Structure of Nucleon Excited States from Lattice QCD

Structure of Nucleon Excited States from Lattice QCD
Author: Finn M. Stokes
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2020-08-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783030257248

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Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes the interactions between elementary quarks and gluons as they compose the nucleons at the heart of atomic structure. The interactions give rise to complexity that can only be examined via numerical simulations on supercomputers. This work provides an introduction to the numerical simulations of lattice QCD and establishes new formalisms relevant to understanding the structure of nucleons and their excited states. The research opens with an examination of the non-trivial QCD vacuum and the emergence of “centre domains.” The focus then turns to establishing a novel Parity-Expanded Variational Analysis (PEVA) technique solving the important problem of isolating baryon states moving with finite momentum. This seminal work provides a foundation for future calculations of baryon properties. Implementation of the PEVA formalism discloses important systematic errors in conventional calculations and reveals the structure of nucleon excited states from the first principles of QCD for the first time.


Progress in the Calculation and Experimental Determination of the Strangeness Contributions to Nucleon Form Factors

Progress in the Calculation and Experimental Determination of the Strangeness Contributions to Nucleon Form Factors
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

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The progress in lattice QCD, especially the capacity to calculate at ever lower quark masses, combined with modern techniques of chiral extrapolation, means that one can now determine the strange quark contribution to the vector form factors of the nucleon with remarkable precision. We review these recent landmark calculations and compare them with the most recent global analysis of the experimental situation using parity violating electron scattering.


Numerical Challenges in Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics

Numerical Challenges in Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
Author: Andreas Frommer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 197
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3642583334

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Lattice gauge theory is a fairly young research area in Theoretical Particle Physics. It is of great promise as it offers the framework for an ab-initio treatment of the nonperturbative features of strong interactions. Ever since its adolescence the simulation of quantum chromodynamics has attracted the interest of numerical analysts and there is growing interdisciplinary engage ment between theoretical physicists and applied mathematicians to meet the grand challenges of this approach. This volume contains contributions of the interdisciplinary workshop "Nu merical Challenges in Lattice Quantum Chromo dynamics" that the Institute of Applied Computer Science (IAI) at Wuppertal University together with the Von-Neumann-Institute-for-Computing (NIC) organized in August 1999. The purpose of the workshop was to offer a platform for the exchange of key ideas between lattice QCD and numerical analysis communities. In this spirit leading experts from both fields have put emphasis to transcend the barriers between the disciplines. The meetings was focused on the following numerical bottleneck problems: A standard topic from the infancy of lattice QCD is the computation of Green's functions, the inverse of the Dirac operator. One has to solve huge sparse linear systems in the limit of small quark masses, corresponding to high condition numbers of the Dirac matrix. Closely related is the determination of flavor-singlet observables which came into focus during the last years.


From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and more

From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and more
Author: K. de Jager
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2008-06-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540744134

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This book contains the proceedings of the third international workshop on From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and More. The many applications of parity violation are way beyond the scope of what Lee and Yang could have imagined fifty years after their proposal. For the physics topics discussed during this workshop, the application of parity violation has become a standard work horse allowing for the extraction of many physics topics in different experiments.