Spillover Effects Of Targeted Subsidies PDF Download
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| Author | : Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2013-04-04 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : |
Download Spillover effects of targeted subsidies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
While there is growing evidence of the impact of targeted subsidies on private input demand, as far as we are aware no empirical studies have examined the spillover effects of targeted subsidies for just one input on the use of other complementary inputs with which there is low substitutability. Consequently, this study begins to fill this gap by exploring the effect of increasing access to subsidized fertilizer on farmers use of improved seed in Nigeria.
| Author | : Kristin Komives |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 308 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780821363423 |
Download Water, Electricity, and the Poor Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
| Author | : Houssou, Nazaire |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2017-02-10 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
Download Can better targeting improve the effectiveness of Ghana's Fertilizer Subsidy Program? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Despite improvements to the implementation regime of Ghana’s fertilizer subsidy program, this paper shows that considerable challenges remain in ensuring that the subsidy is targeted to farmers who need fertilizer the most. Currently, larger-scale and wealthier farmers are the main beneficiaries of subsidized fertilizer even though the stated goal is to target smallholder farmers with fertilizer subsidies. The experience of other African countries suggests that the effectiveness of fertilizer subsidies can improve with effective targeting of resource-poor smallholders. However, targeting smallholder farmers entails significant transaction costs and may even be infeasible in some cases. Faced with such challenges, Ghanaian policy makers must ponder the question of how to improve the targeting of input subsidy programs in the country. Further research is needed to identify more cost-effective approaches for achieving the goal of targeting.
| Author | : Mr.Benedict J. Clements |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 390 |
| Release | : 2013-09-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484339169 |
Download Energy Subsidy Reform Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Energy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
| Author | : Travis J. Lybbert |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2013-07-02 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : |
Download Targeting Technology to Reduce Poverty and Conserve Resources Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Demand heterogeneity often makes it profitable for firms to price and promote goods and services differently in different market segments. When private consumption brings public benefits, this same heterogeneity can be used to target public subsidies. We explore the design of publicprivate targeting and segmentation strategies in the case of a resource-conserving agricultural technology in India. To understand farmers heterogeneous demand for laser land leveling (LLL), we conducted an experimental auction for LLL services with an integrated randomized controlled trial to estimate the private benefits of the technology. We use graphical and econometric approaches to characterize farmer demand for LLL. We then add detailed cost data from LLL providers to simulate and evaluate several potential targeted delivery strategies based on measures of (1) the cost-effectiveness of expanding LLL dissemination, (2) water savings, and (3) market surplus in a welfare framework. These simulations demonstrate inherent tradeoffs between increasing the amount of land that is leveled and expanding the number of farmers who adopt the technology, and between adoption and water savings. While segmenting and targeting are popular elements of many publicprivate partnerships to develop and disseminate agricultural technologies, formulating and implementing effective delivery strategies requires a rich understanding of costs, benefits, and demand. Our experimental approach generates such an understanding and may be relevant in other contexts.
| Author | : Mariam A. T. J. Mapila |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2013-07-16 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Impact of Alternative Input Subsidy Exit Strategies on Malawis Maize Commodity Market Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study has been conducted in order to generate evidence of the visibility of exit from farm input subsidies in an African context. The study simulates the impact of alternative exit strategies from Malawis farm input subsidy program on maize markets. The simulation is conducted using a multiequation partial equilibrium model of the national maize market, which is sequentially linked via a price-linkage equation to local rural maize markets. The model accounts for market imperfections prevailing in the country that arise from government price interventions. Findings show that some alternative exit strategies have negative and sustained impacts on maize yields, production, and acreage allocated to maize over the simulation period. Market prices rise steadily as a result of the implementation of different exit strategies. Despite higher maize prices, domestic maize consumption remains fairly stable, with a slow but increasing trend over the simulation period. Results further suggest that exit strategies that are coupled with improvements in agricultural extension services have the potential to offset the negative impacts of the removal or scaling down of agricultural input subsidies. The study findings demonstrate the difficulty of feasibly removing farm input subsidies. Study recommendations are therefore relevant for policymakers and development partners debating removal or implementation of farm input subsidies.
| Author | : Lorenzo Rotunno |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 61 |
| Release | : 2024-03 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Trade Spillovers of Domestic Subsidies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
As governments resort to industrial policies to achieve economic and non-economic objectives, the number of subsidies implemented each year has more than tripled in the last decade. Using detailed data across a large number of advanced and emerging economies, we empirically investigate the effects of domestic subsidies on international trade flows. Estimates from a difference-in-difference specification show that on average subsidies promote both exports and imports. These effects are partly driven by selection into subsidies, as governments target export-oriented and import-competing products. The results however mask significant differences across countries. Specifically, exports of subsidized products from G20 emerging markets increase 8 percent more than exports of other products, with no evidence of selection. The gravity estimates confirm that subsidies promote international relative to domestic trade. These spillover effects are concentrated in some industries, such as electrical machinery, and are stronger when subsidies are given through tax breaks than other policy instruments. The subsidy-led rise in trade calls for international cooperation to manage risks of retaliatory actions and possible drifts towards a subsidy war.
| Author | : John L. Fiedler |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2013-07-16 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : |
Download An Ex Ante Analysis of the Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Biofortified High-Provitamin A and High-Iron Banana in Uganda Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Uganda has made notable progress in reducing micronutrient deficiencies in recent years, but the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and anemia among children under 5 remain unacceptably high. According to World Health Organization criteria, VAD remains a public health problem in Uganda, and anemia is a severe problem. In this paper we explore the potential contribution to reducing both of these deficiencies using a genetically modified, highprovitamin A and high-iron banana (HPVAHIB) that is currently being developed. We present an ex ante analysis of the costs and nutritional benefits of HPVAHIB. Using the Ugandan National Household Survey of 2005/06, we analyzed the production and consumption patterns of highland cooking banana (nakinyika) and sweet banana (sukalindizi). Informed by the empirical findings, we developed geographically differentiated adoption, production, consumption, and diffusion patterns for several types of HPVAHIB. Based on households reported quantities of each type of banana currently consumed, we estimated the number of people consuming each banana and the quantities they consume, and then simulated the additional intakes of vitamin A and iron and estimated the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) saved attributable to each. Combining the health impacts with the estimated costs of the project, three impact measures of the HPVAHIB are developed: the cost per DALY saved, the benefitcost ratio, and the internal rate of return. Eighteen scenarios are estimated. The base scenario, which includes only the biofortification of cooking banana with provitamin A at a level equal to 400 percent its intrinsic provitamin A content, estimates that the net present cost per DALY saved of HPVAHIB is US$62, its benefitcost ratio is 16, and its internal rate of return is 31 percent. According to criteria established by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, the HPVAHIB project is a very cost-effective health intervention.
| Author | : Katrina Kosec |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2013-05-10 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africas Urban Water Supply Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Identifying policies which can improve water sector management is critically important given the global burden of water-related disease. Each year, 1 in 10 child deathsroughly 800,000 in totalis the direct result of diarrhea. Can private-sector participation (PSP) in the urban piped water sector improve child health? The author uses child-level data from 39 African countries during 19862010 to show that introducing PSP decreases diarrhea among urban dwelling children under five years of age by 5.6 percentage points, or 35 percent of its mean prevalence. PSP also leads to greater reliance on piped water. To attribute causality, the author exploits time variation in the private water market share controlled by African countries former colonizers. A placebo analysis reveals that PSP does not affect symptoms of respiratory illness in the same children, nor does it affect a rural control group unaffected by PSP.
| Author | : Ephraim Chirwa |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 315 |
| Release | : 2013-09-26 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0199683522 |
Download Agricultural Input Subsidies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.
