Species Diversification And Differentiation In The Madagascar And Indian Ocean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot PDF Download
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Author | : Joeri Strijk |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 135 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Compositae |
ISBN | : |
Download Species Diversification and Differentiation in the Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands biodiversity hotspot is renowned for its high levels of species diversity and endemism. Yet despite many hypotheses and a considerable literature, we still know relatively little about the mechanisms of species diversification within the region. Until recently, the major role for high levels of species diversity was attributed solely to breakup of East Gondwana and the isolation of Madagascar and India (120-160Mya). However, an increasing number of studies, employing recent advances in analytical methods, have shown that the origin for many groups post-dates the isolation of Madagascar. Furthermore, Madagascar is embedded in a wider geographical setting of oceanic and microcontinental islands that vary distinctly in origin, age and structure, and that are also home to highly diverse flora and fauna assemblages. Most of these islands are young (2-10My) and the high levels of endemism on these islands therefore can't be explained by Gondwanan vicariance, but only by recent long distance dispersal followed by extensive in-situ diversification processes. In addition, some groups of organisms show higher levels of diversity on young volcanic islands than on Madagascar, which runs counter to expectations given the greater surface area and habitat diversity of Madagascar. Taking into account the disparity in geological ages among the land fragments in the Indian Ocean, theory suggests that diversification on geologically young islands would have proceeded via high levels of diversification rates and rapid shifts over time after new ranges and habitat became available upon colonization. In this thesis we compare major plant lineages (Asteraceae, Myrsinaceae, Monimiaceae) that have undergone extensive diversification in the region. In each of these families we selected highly speciose genera that are characterized by single island endemism, phenotypic diversity and presence on Madagascar and a range of Indian Ocean islands. We found evidence of significant shifts in diversification rates and repeated long distance dispersals to Indian Ocean islands where Madagascar played a central role as a disperser source...
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 128 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9782831718811 |
Download The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Llewellyn C. Foxcroft |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 661 |
Release | : 2013-11-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9400777507 |
Download Plant Invasions in Protected Areas Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is the first comprehensive global review of all aspects of alien plant invasions in protected areas. It provides insights into advances in invasion ecology emanating from work in protected areas, and the link to locally relevant management support for protected areas. The book provides in-depth case studies, illuminating interesting and insightful knowledge that can be shared across the global protected area network. The book includes the collective understanding of 80 ecologists and managers to extract as much information as possible that will support the long-term management of protected areas, and the biodiversity and associated ecosystem services they maintain. “This outstanding volume draws together pretty much all that can be said on this topic, ranging from the science, through policy, to practical action”. Dr. Simon N. Stuart, IUCN Species Survival Commission, UK. "This important and timely volume addresses two of the most serious problems affecting biodiversity conservation today: assessing the extent to which protected areas are impacted by biological invasions and the complex problems of managing these impacts. Written by leading specialists, it provides a comprehensive overview of the issues and gives detailed examples drawn from protected areas across the world". Professor Vernon H. Heywood, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK
Author | : Lucie Bauret (Anaïs) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download How to Settle in Madagascar? Towards a Better Understanding of the Biogeographical History of the Malagasy Ferns Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Madagascar is a continental island in the Indian Ocean, near African coasts. It is also a biodiversity hotspot, comprising more than 12,000 species of vascular plants and including more than 600 fern species with an endemism reaching the 45%. Comparatively, continental Africa comprises only 800 species. How can such a diversity be explained in Madagascar? What are the biogeographical origins of the Malagasy ferns? Thanks to new data combined to the literature, hypotheses on the biogeographical history of Malagasy ferns are here proposed.Four fern taxa were newly investigated: grammitid and blechnoid subfamilies, Rumohra and Lindsaea-Odontosoria, as well as Phlegmariurus, a genus of lycophytes considered as a phylogenetic replicate in another vascular spore-bearing plant lineage. The biogeographical history of the Malagasy lineages was inferred, based on worldwide molecular phylogenies completed by Malagasy species, molecular dating and ancestral area estimates.Despite its Gondwanian origin, ferns and lycophytes would have colonized Madagascar after its isolation, during the Cenozoic (
Author | : Textbook Equity |
Publisher | : Lulu.com |
Total Pages | : 557 |
Release | : 2014-08-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1312402997 |
Download College Biology Volume 3 of 3 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
(Chapters 33 - 47) See Preview for the full table of contents. All volumes contain Chapter Summaries, Review Questions, Critical Thinking Questions and Answer Keys. Download the free color PDFs at http: //textbookequity.org/tbq_biology/ Customize this text for your class: http: //textbookequity.org/myclasstextbook The full text (volumes 1 through 3) is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. Textbook License: CC BY-SA Fearlessly Copy, Print, Remix Textbook Equity - An Equitable Business Model. Contents Volume 1 The Chemistry of Life through Genomic Proteomics Volume 2 Evolution and the Origin of Species through Asexual Reproduction Volume 3 Animal Structure and Function through Preserving Biodiversity
Author | : Cynthia Hong-Wa |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 183 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Biodiversity |
ISBN | : |
Download Diversification and Coexistence in the Madagascar Olive (Noronhia, Oleaceae) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The long-isolated island of Madagascar provides a suitable setting for studying species diversification, with most groups of organisms there both radiating and showing a high level of endemism. Noronhia is one of these groups and represents the most successful radiation of the olive family (Oleaceae) in Madagascar, with ca. 80 species. In this study, using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences obtained from a comprehensive sampling both within Noronhia and the family, I show that Noronhia, together with Indian Ocean species of Chionanthus, form a monophyletic clade sister to African Chionanthus. The diversification of Noronhia followed a likely Cenozoic dispersal from Africa. Within Noronhia, phylogenetic relationships are mostly unresolved despite the species showing considerable ecological and phenotypic diversity. In most cases, analyses of bioclimatic, molecular and morphological data, interpreted in phylogenetic and geographic contexts, show support for my initial species hypotheses and offer new insights into species boundaries. Morphological data provide the strongest support while bioclimatic ones are the least informative, suggesting that the broad-scale variation in bioclimatic data does not adequately capture the ecological processes driving the diversification of this genus. However, attempts to understand spatial patterns of richness and coexistence among species of Noronhia show that mountainous areas in the island harbor the highest concentrations of species and the highest endemism. Habitat heterogeneity likely explains how diversity is promoted and maintained in these topographically complex regions. Furthermore, analyses focused on a smaller spatial scale, the Montagne d'Ambre massif, again indicate that habitat heterogeneity plays an important role. Different groups of species grow in different habitats on the mountain, suggesting environmental filtering associated with rainfall and soil nutrient gradients. Overall, the integrative approach applied in this study highlights the importance of using different kinds of data analyzed at various scales to understand species diversification.
Author | : Thomas J. Matthews |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 503 |
Release | : 2021-03-18 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 1108477070 |
Download The Species-Area Relationship Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides a comprehensive synthesis of a fundamental phenomenon, the species-area relationship, addressing theory, evidence and application.
Author | : David Bramwell |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 539 |
Release | : 2011-07-21 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1139497804 |
Download The Biology of Island Floras Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Oceanic islands offer biologists unparalleled opportunities to study evolutionary processes and ecological phenomena. However, human activity threatens to alter or destroy many of these fragile ecosystems, with recent estimates suggesting that nearly half of the world's insular endemics are threatened with extinction. Bringing together researchers from around the world, this book illustrates how modern research methods and new concepts have challenged accepted theories and changed our understanding of island flora. Particular attention is given to the impact of molecular studies and the insights that they provide into topics such as colonisation, radiation, diversification and hybridisation. Examples are drawn from around the world, including the Hawaiian archipelago, Galapagos Islands, Madagascar and the Macronesian region. Conservation issues are also highlighted, with coverage of alien species and the role of ex situ conservation providing valuable information that will aid the formulation of management strategies and genetic rescue programmes.
Author | : Rosemary G. Gillespie |
Publisher | : Univ of California Press |
Total Pages | : 1110 |
Release | : 2009-08-19 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 0520256492 |
Download Encyclopedia of Islands Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Islands have captured the imagination of scientists and the public for centuries - unique and rare environments, their isolation makes them natural laboratories for ecology and evolution. This authoritative, alphabetically arranged reference, featuring more than 200 succinct articles by leading scientists from around the world, provides broad coverage of all the island sciences. But what exactly is an island? The volume editors define it here as any discrete habitat isolated from other habitats by inhospitable surroundings. The Encyclopedia of Islands examines many such insular settings - oceanic and continental islands as well as places such as caves, mountaintops, and whale falls at the bottom of the ocean. This essential, one-stop resource, extensively illustrated with color photographs, clear maps, and graphics will introduce island science to a wide audience and spur further research on some of the planet's most fascinating habitats." --Book Jacket.
Author | : Frank E. Zachos |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 550 |
Release | : 2011-09-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642209920 |
Download Biodiversity Hotspots Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Biodiversity and its conservation are among the main global topics in science and politics and perhaps the major challenge for the present and coming generations. This book written by international experts from different disciplines comprises general chapters on diversity and its measurement, human impacts on biodiversity hotspots on a global scale, human diversity itself and various geographic regions exhibiting high levels of diversity. The areas covered range from genetics and taxonomy to evolutionary biology, biogeography and the social sciences. In addition to the classic hotspots in the tropics, the book also highlights various other ecosystems harbouring unique species communities including coral reefs and the Southern Ocean. The approach taken considers, but is not limited to, the original hotspot definition sensu stricto and presents a chapter introducing the 35th hotspot, the forests of East Australia. While, due to a bias in data availability, the majority of contributions on particular taxa deal with vertebrates and plants, some also deal with the less-studied invertebrates. This book will be essential reading for anyone involved with biodiversity, particularly researchers and practitioners in the fields of conservation biology, ecology and evolution.