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Somesthesis and the Neurobiology of the Somatosensory Cortex

Somesthesis and the Neurobiology of the Somatosensory Cortex
Author: O. Franzen
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Total Pages: 423
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3034890168

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This volume is a compilation of current research on somatosensation and its underlying mechanisms written by international experts from a broad range of disciplines. It is divided into six sections:· structural basis of information processing and neocortical neurotransmitters · psychophysics of somatosensation · cortical representation of somatosensation · sensory-motor interface · neuronal population behavior · cortical neurocomputation and modelling. It highlights not only important new findings but also novel methods and technologies applied to major unresolved issues in the field of neuroscience. The number of methods for investigating the neural mechanisms of soma-tosensory perception has grown substantially in the last decade. The book encompasses levels of inquiry from ionic channels, single unit recordings of neural activity, and functional brain imaging of the coordinated activity of large neuronal ensembles to human psychophysics of controlled somatic stimulation. This work is of great value for researchers and students interested in the dynamic neuronal mechanisms involved in the complex processes of sensory perception and provides a picture of our present understanding of the neural representation of the external world relayed through the somatosensory system.


The Somatosensory System

The Somatosensory System
Author: Randall J. Nelson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 419
Release: 2001-11-13
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1420038702

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Exploring new and past research in the understanding of how the brain deals with its own body image, this book provides a review of pertinent literature and offers comprehensive descriptions of technical approaches. The material includes new frameworks for the conceptualization of the system's representations, scientific and clinical applications that stem from these approaches based on the new concepts, and a discussion of tools used to study the interface of the brain and the body. The book provides computational strategies for sensorimotor integration of the mammalian brain and includes algorithms for the design and implementation of haptic interfaces and tactile displacement.


Somatosensory Processing

Somatosensory Processing
Author: Mark Rowe
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 314
Release: 2003-09-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0203303636

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The diversity of contemporary investigative approaches included in this volume provides an exciting account of our current understanding of brain mechanisms responsible for sensory and perceptual experience in the areas of touch, kinesthesia, and pain. Postgraduate research students in sensory physiology, neurology, psychology and anatomy, and researchers themselves will find that this volume addresses many of the key issues in our attempts to understand the neural mechanisms that mediate sensory experience arising from the body as a whole, the so-called somatic senses, in particular for touch and pain. The volume provides a record of the occasion of the St Petersburg IUPS symposium, chaired by the editors of this volume, and includes some added recent contributions from other leading international figures in the field. Brought together under the sponsoring banner of the IUPS Commission for Somatosensory Physiology and Pain, these scientists with their different experimental approaches seek collectively to understand the brain mechanisms that underlie our own nature and experience.


Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward

Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward
Author: Jay A. Gottfried
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 466
Release: 2011-03-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781420067262

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Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation and reward by highlighting the important links and interface between the two. Emphasizing the role of reward in reinforcing behaviors, the book begins with an exploration of the history, ecology, and evolution of sensation and reward. Progressing through the five senses, contributors explore how the brain extracts information from sensory cues. The chapter authors examine how different animal species predict rewards, thereby integrating sensation and reward in learning, focusing on effects in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Drawing on empirical research, contributors build on the themes of the book to present insights into the human sensory rewards of perfume, art, and music, setting the scene for further cross-disciplinary collaborations that bridge the neurobiological interface between sensation and reward.


Clinical Neuroanatomy

Clinical Neuroanatomy
Author: Hans J. ten Donkelaar
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 988
Release: 2020-06-18
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030418782

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Connections define the functions of neurons: information flows along connections, as well as growth factors and viruses, and even neuronal death can progress through connections. Accordingly, knowing how the various parts of the brain are interconnected to form functional systems is a prerequisite for properly understanding data from all fields in the neurosciences. Clinical Neuroanatomy: Brain Circuitry and Its Disorders bridges the gap between neuroanatomy and clinical neurology. It focuses on human and primate data in the context of brain circuitry disorders, which are so common in neurological practice. In addition, numerous clinical cases are presented to demonstrate how normal brain circuitry can be interrupted, and what the effects are. Following an introduction to the organization and vascularization of the human brain and the techniques used to study brain circuitry, the main neurofunctional systems are discussed, including the somatosensory, auditory, visual, motor, autonomic and limbic systems, the cerebral cortex and complex cerebral functions. In this 2nd edition, apart from a general updating, many new illustrations have been added and more emphasis is placed on modern techniques such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and network analysis. Moreover, a developmental ontology based on the prosomeric model is applied, resulting in a more modern subdivision of the brain. The new edition of Clinical Neuroanatomy is primarily intended for neurologists, neuroradiologists and neuropathologists, as well as residents in these fields, but will also appeal to (neuro)anatomists and all those whose work involves human brain mapping.


After Phrenology

After Phrenology
Author: Michael L. Anderson
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 411
Release: 2014-12-12
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0262028107

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A proposal for a fully post-phrenological neuroscience that details the evolutionary roots of functional diversity in brain regions and networks. The computer analogy of the mind has been as widely adopted in contemporary cognitive neuroscience as was the analogy of the brain as a collection of organs in phrenology. Just as the phrenologist would insist that each organ must have its particular function, so contemporary cognitive neuroscience is committed to the notion that each brain region must have its fundamental computation. In After Phrenology, Michael Anderson argues that to achieve a fully post-phrenological science of the brain, we need to reassess this commitment and devise an alternate, neuroscientifically grounded taxonomy of mental function. Anderson contends that the cognitive roles played by each region of the brain are highly various, reflecting different neural partnerships established under different circumstances. He proposes quantifying the functional properties of neural assemblies in terms of their dispositional tendencies rather than their computational or information-processing operations. Exploring larger-scale issues, and drawing on evidence from embodied cognition, Anderson develops a picture of thinking rooted in the exploitation and extension of our early-evolving capacity for iterated interaction with the world. He argues that the multidimensional approach to the brain he describes offers a much better fit for these findings, and a more promising road toward a unified science of minded organisms.


The Anatomy of Manual Dexterity

The Anatomy of Manual Dexterity
Author: Ian Darian-Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 152
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3642611613

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1. 1 Purpose and Plan of This Review This review is focused on the topography and connections of some of the neuron populations that determine the manual dexterity of the macaque monkey. The populations selected for examination are the following: 1. The corticospinal neuron populations 2. The thalamocortical and corticothalamic neuron populations associated with the sensorimotor cortex 3. The ipsilateral cortical connections of the sensorimotor cortex These neuron populations have been chosen because of their obvious rel evance to the directed, intelligent use of the hands, but also because of their anatomical and functional interdependence. Corticospinal neuron populations transmit a complex, orchestrated output from a number of different regions of cerebral cortex to the neuron populations in every segment of the spinal cord, and this output includes the command information defining the intended manual action. The thalamocortical complex is especially concerned with the transmis sion and modulation or filtering of (a) visual, tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular, and auditory information to the cerebral cortex and (b) information from the cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system, and brain stem which is relevant to sensorimotor behavior. Finally, the extensive ipsilateral cortical connections constitute a major part of the supraspinal circuitry which coordinates the contri butions of all the cortical neuron popUlations contributing to intelligent sen sorimotor behavior and, in particular, transmits the cross talk between those cortical neuron populations which shape and control the dextrous handling of objects within reach.


Handbook of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience

Handbook of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience
Author: Irving B. Weiner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 786
Release: 2012-10-10
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1118282027

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Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.