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Solid State Magnetic Sensors

Solid State Magnetic Sensors
Author: C.S. Roumenin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 444
Release: 1994-09-26
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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I am profoundly convinced that notwithstanding the great progress made in solid-state magnetic sensors, they are as yet in their cloudless infancy, whereas there is still so much lying ahead in a world, unlimited in time and space ... Good Heavens! They are a whole Universe into themselves. So expounds the author in his preface to this second volume in the exciting new series, Handbook of Sensors and Actuators. The publication presents a balanced view of the overall progress made in the field, whilst summing up scientific achievements as the groundwork for further development. Readers will find, for the first time, collected in one book, detailed information regarding the physical mechanisms of the origin of magnetosensitivity, the geometry and design of devices, operating modes, basic parameters and methods for their determination, the incorporation of transducers in circuits and smart solutions, many varied applications and other problems relevant to all the current Hall sensors, magnetodiodes, magnetotransistors, carrier-domain magnetometers, SQUID's (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) and similar transducers of magnetic energy. Particular attention is devoted to semiconductor magnetosensitive sensors and their microelectronic versions since development rates in this area signify a dominant research trend for the future. Undoubtedly this book will become a vital reference tool for the ever widening circle of researchers and engineers interested in solid-state magnetosensors. It also makes a fundamental contribution to the handbook series as a whole.


Development of CMOS Solid State Magnetic Sensors

Development of CMOS Solid State Magnetic Sensors
Author: John G. Doyle
Publisher:
Total Pages: 185
Release: 2004
Genre: Microelectronics
ISBN:

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A magnetic field sensor is a transducer that is capable of converting a magnetic field, H, into a useful electronic signal. These are used in a wide range of applications including retrieving data in the computer industry by reading magnetic tapes or disks or reading magnetic ink on banknotes, cashcards or credit cards for identification purposes, contactless switching, linear and angular displacement detection (e.g. in automotive systems) and potential-free current detection. A majority of solid state magnetic field sensors made to date have been built on bipolar processes. However, it would be beneficial to obtain similar levels of capability in magnetic sensors in CMOS, because this would allow magnetic sensors to be integrated into the present mainstream semiconductor technology. This thesis describes a research effort to improve the sensing capability of silicon magnetic field detectors through circuit innovation such that it is possible to develop a high performance, low power magnetic sensing capability in standard CMOS without extra exotic process steps or the requirement to have flux concentrators or other external devices in order to boost the sensing capability of the CMOS device. There are three circuits described in this work. The first, a magnetic sensitive amplifier achieved the highest figure of merit, 16kV/AT, reported at the time of its publication. The second device was the lowest power magnetic sensor at the time of its publication and could sense 1mT while running on 100nA. The third used a novel noise reduction scheme to sense lower levels of magnetic field (0.18mT) than had been reported for a CMOS device to date and provides a path to improved performance in future. The work in this thesis demonstrates that it is possible through circuit design innovation to deliver highly sensitive, low power magnetic sensors in standard CMOS.


Solid-State Sensors

Solid-State Sensors
Author: Ambarish Paul
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2023-10-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119473047

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Solid-State Sensors A thorough and up-to-date introduction to solid-state sensors, materials, fabrication processes, and applications Solid-State Sensors provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, covering fundamental principles, underlying theories, sensor materials, fabrication technologies, current and possible future applications, and more. Presented in a clear and accessible format, this reader-friendly textbook describes the fundamentals and classification of all major types of solid-state sensors, including piezoresistive, capacitive, thermometric, optical bio-chemical, magnetic, and acoustic-based sensors. Throughout the text, the authors offer insight into how different solid-state methods complement each other as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages in relation to specific devices and a variety of state-of-the-art applications. Detailed yet concise chapters include numerous visual illustrations and comparative tables of different subtypes of sensors for a given application. With in-depth discussion of recent developments, current research, and key challenges in the field of solid-state sensors, this volume: Describes solid-state sensing parameters and their importance in sensor characterization Explores possible future applications and breakthroughs in associated fields of research Covers the fundamental principles and relevant equations of sensing phenomena Discusses promising smart materials that have the potential for sensing applications Includes an overview of the history, classification, and terminology of sensors With well-balanced coverage of the fundamentals of sensor design, current and emerging applications, and the most recent research developments in the field, Solid-State Sensors is an excellent textbook for advanced students and professionals in disciplines such as Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering.


Magnetic Sensors and Devices

Magnetic Sensors and Devices
Author: Laurent A. Francis
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 275
Release: 2017-10-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1498710980

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This book presents in-depth coverage of magnetic sensors in industrial applications. It is divided into three sections: devices and technology for magnetic sensing, industrial applications (automotive, navigation), and emerging applications. Topics include transmission speed sensor ICs, dynamic differential Hall ICs, chopped Hall switches, programmable linear output Hall sensors, low power Hall ICs, self-calibrating differential Hall ICs for wheel speed sensing, dynamic differential Hall ICs, uni- and bipolar Hall IC switches, chopped mono cell Hall ICs, and electromagnetic levitation.


Solid-State Sensors

Solid-State Sensors
Author: Ambarish Paul
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2023-10-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119473071

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Solid-State Sensors A thorough and up-to-date introduction to solid-state sensors, materials, fabrication processes, and applications Solid-State Sensors provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, covering fundamental principles, underlying theories, sensor materials, fabrication technologies, current and possible future applications, and more. Presented in a clear and accessible format, this reader-friendly textbook describes the fundamentals and classification of all major types of solid-state sensors, including piezoresistive, capacitive, thermometric, optical bio-chemical, magnetic, and acoustic-based sensors. Throughout the text, the authors offer insight into how different solid-state methods complement each other as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages in relation to specific devices and a variety of state-of-the-art applications. Detailed yet concise chapters include numerous visual illustrations and comparative tables of different subtypes of sensors for a given application. With in-depth discussion of recent developments, current research, and key challenges in the field of solid-state sensors, this volume: Describes solid-state sensing parameters and their importance in sensor characterization Explores possible future applications and breakthroughs in associated fields of research Covers the fundamental principles and relevant equations of sensing phenomena Discusses promising smart materials that have the potential for sensing applications Includes an overview of the history, classification, and terminology of sensors With well-balanced coverage of the fundamentals of sensor design, current and emerging applications, and the most recent research developments in the field, Solid-State Sensors is an excellent textbook for advanced students and professionals in disciplines such as Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering.


Magnetic Sensors and Magnetometers, Second Edition

Magnetic Sensors and Magnetometers, Second Edition
Author: Pavel Ripka
Publisher: Artech House
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2021-07-31
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1630817430

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This completely updated second edition of an Artech House classic covers industrial applications and space and biomedical applications of magnetic sensors and magnetometers. With the advancement of smart grids, renewable energy resources, and electric vehicles, the importance of electric current sensors increased, and the book has been updated to reflect these changes. Integrated fluxgate single-chip magnetometers are presented. GMR sensors in the automotive market, especially for end-of-shaft angular sensors, are included, as well as Linear TMR sensors. Vertical Hall sensors and sensors with integrated ferromagnetic concentrators are two competing technologies, which both brought 3-axial single-chip Hall ICs, are considered. Digital fluxgate magnetometers for both satellite and ground-based applications are discussed. All-optical resonant magnetometes, based on the Coherent Population Trapping effect, has reached approval in space, and is covered in this new edition of the book. Whether you're an expert or new to the field, this unique resource offers you a thorough overview of the principles and design of magnetic sensors and magnetometers, as well as guidance in applying specific devices in the real world. The book covers both multi-channel and gradiometric magnetometer systems, special problems such as cross-talk and crossfield sensitivity, and comparisons between different sensors and magnetometers with respect to various application areas. Miniaturization and the use of new materials in magnetic sensors are also discussed. A comprehensive list of references to journal articles, books, proceedings and webpages helps you find additional information quickly.


Introduction to Sensors

Introduction to Sensors
Author: John Vetelino
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2017-12-19
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1439808538

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The need for new types of sensors is more critical than ever. This is due to the emergence of increasingly complex technologies, health and security concerns of a burgeoning world population, and the emergence of terrorist activities, among other factors. Depending on their application, the design, fabrication, testing, and use of sensors, all require various kinds of both technical and nontechnical expertise. With this in mind, Introduction to Sensors examines the theoretical foundations and practical applications of electrochemical, piezoelectric, fiber optic, thermal, and magnetic sensors and their use in the modern era. Incorporating information from sensor-based industries to review current developments in the field, this book: Presents a complete sensor system that includes the preparation phase, the sensing element and platform, and appropriate electronics resulting in a digital readout Discusses solid-state electronic sensors, such as the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor, the micromachined capacitive polymer, and the Schottky diode sensors Uses the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice as an example to detail the basic theory associated with piezoelectricity Explores the fundamental relationship between stress, strain, electric field, and electric displacement The magnetic sensors presented are used to determine measurands such as the magnetic field and semiconductor properties, including carrier concentration and mobility. Offering the human body and the automobile as examples of entities that rely on a multiplicity of sensors, the authors address the application of various types of sensors, as well as the theory and background information associated with their development and the materials used in their design. The coverage in this book reveals the underlying rationale for the application of different sensors while also defining the properties and characteristics of each.


Magnetic Sensors and Actuators in Medicine

Magnetic Sensors and Actuators in Medicine
Author: Horia Chiriac
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 474
Release: 2023-06-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128232943

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Magnetic Sensors and Actuators in Medicine: Materials, Devices, and Applications provides an overview of the various sensors and actuators, their characteristics, role in the development of medical applications, the medical problems they solve, and future directions. The book brings together recent advances in the physics, chemistry and engineering of magnetic materials related to sensors and actuators that improve their functions in medical applications. The book describes the main applications of magnetic sensors and actuators, starting from the common and emerging magnetic materials, their principles of operation, the medical problems that they are used to address, and the latest achievements in the field. Reviews a wide range of magnetic sensors and actuators employed in medical applications such as diagnosis, surgery and therapy Describes magnetic material-based sensors and actuators, including their operation principles, properties and optimization for specific applications Includes examples of recent advances, such as emerging magnetic materials, magnetic nanowires, nanorods and/or nanotubes


Chemical Sensing with Solid State Devices

Chemical Sensing with Solid State Devices
Author: Marc J. Madou
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 573
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 032313985X

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This book is a lucid presentation for chemists, electrical engineers, surface scientists, and solid-state physicists, of the fundamentals underlying the construction of simple and small chemical sensors. The first part of the book is a review of the theoretical background in solid state physics, chemistry and electronics. Semiconductor and solid electrolyte bulk models are reviewed as well as solid/gas and solid/liquid interface models. Membranes and catalysis theory are also covered expansively. The second part is a discussion of more complete sensor devices, their essential components, and of the important developments in this area over the last fifteen to twenty years. The book provides guidance through the multidisciplinary world of chemical sensors. It should be understandable to students with some training in physics and chemistry and a general knowledge of electronics. Finally, comments on economic considerations in the development of new sensor products and suggestionsfor future research and development should be of value to company R&D planners.