Soil Moisture Mapping of Drought in Texas
| Author | : Johnny Sullivan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Droughts |
| ISBN | : |
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Soil Moisture Mapping of Drought in Texas
| Author | : Johnny Sullivan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Droughts |
| ISBN | : |
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Characterization of Drought in Texas Using NLDAS Soil Moisture Data
| Author | : John R. Sullivan (Jr.) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 158 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
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From June to August 2011, Texas experienced the hottest summer ever recorded in the history of the United States, and the state suffered a water shortage that made its vulnerability to drought painfully plain. This disaster sparked new interest in methods of defining drought severity, especially with regard to the variation of soil moisture levels. This thesis assesses the suitability of information from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), an assemblage of land surface models forced with observations data, for quantifying soil moisture levels in Texas. The potential for combining NLDAS data with the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database's available water capacity data is explored. It is discovered that because NLDAS is a hydrological model and SSURGO an agricultural dataset, they employ different definitions of soil moisture storage. Moreover, the temporal variation of soil moisture levels in the SSURGO polygons cannot be inferred from NLDAS data due to the vastly different spatial scales of the two datasets. A relative measure of soil saturation from 0-100% is developed instead and determined to be a more useful indicator of drought than the soil moisture level itself. Calculated solely from NLDAS data, it is used to map the severity of drought in Texas, with the results displayed at the county scale. The temporal variation in soil moisture storage across the state is compared with variations in the gravity anomaly measured by NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites and variations in Texas surface water reservoir levels, both of which are physical measurements of water storage changes. This analysis suggests that the NLDAS data, which is derived from a land surface model, accurately describes subsurface moisture variations. Also, the GRACE gravity anomaly data reveals that during the 2011 drought, the total water storage in Texas was approximately 100 cubic kilometers less than normal. NLDAS data indicates that more than 50% of this deficit was due to losses from the top one meter of the state's soils.
Remote Sensing of Drought
| Author | : Brian D. Wardlow |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 487 |
| Release | : 2012-04-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1439835578 |
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Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches presents emerging remote sensing-based tools and techniques that can be applied to operational drought monitoring and early warning around the world. The first book to focus on remote sensing and drought monitoring, it brings together a wealth of information that has been scattered throughout the literature and across many disciplines. Featuring contributions by leading scientists, it assembles a cross-section of globally applicable techniques that are currently operational or have potential to be operational in the near future. The book explores a range of applications for monitoring four critical components of the hydrological cycle related to drought: vegetation health, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater, and precipitation. These applications use remotely sensed optical, thermal, microwave, radar, and gravity data from instruments such as AMSR-E, GOES, GRACE, MERIS, MODIS, and Landsat and implement several advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques. Examples show how to integrate this information into routine drought products. The book also examines the role of satellite remote sensing within traditional drought monitoring, as well as current challenges and future prospects. Improving drought monitoring is becoming increasingly important in addressing a wide range of societal issues, from food security and water scarcity to human health, ecosystem services, and energy production. This unique book surveys innovative remote sensing approaches to provide you with new perspectives on large-area drought monitoring and early warning.
Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle
| Author | : Venkataraman Lakshmi |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 572 |
| Release | : 2014-10-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1118872266 |
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Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle is an outcome of the AGU Chapman Conference held in February 2012. This is a comprehensive volume that examines the use of available remote sensing satellite data as well as data from future missions that can be used to expand our knowledge in quantifying the spatial and temporal variations in the terrestrial water cycle. Volume highlights include: An in-depth discussion of the global water cycle Approaches to various problems in climate, weather, hydrology, and agriculture Applications of satellite remote sensing in measuring precipitation, surface water, snow, soil moisture, groundwater, modeling, and data assimilation A description of the use of satellite data for accurately estimating and monitoring the components of the hydrological cycle Discussion of the measurement of multiple geophysical variables and properties over different landscapes on a temporal and a regional scale
Crop- and Location-Specific Drought Index for Agricultural Water Management
| Author | : Rachel McDaniel |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
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Severe droughts have plagued the United States over the last few years. The 2011 Texas drought, the 2012 U.S. drought, and the current California drought have greatly impacted the nation's economy and agricultural production. Different crops vary in their response to water stress. Despite this, commonly used drought indices, such as the Palmer Drought Severity Index, do not consider crop specific factors. The goal of this project was to create a methodology to produce crop and location specific drought and yield trend forecasts to help agricultural producers make more informed water management decisions. To achieve this, a drought index was developed and analyzed, weather forecasts were used in a hydrology/crop model to predict hydrologic conditions and crop yields, and an example interactive map interface were created to convey this information to water stakeholders. The drought index uses five parameters that affect or are affected by drought. These parameters include precipitation, temperature, cumulative biomass, soil moisture, and transpiration. Soil moisture and temperature are ranked against crop-specific threshold values, while precipitation and cumulative biomass are ranked against location-specific normal values. Transpiration is ranked against the location-specific potential transpiration. A case study was performed in the Upper Colorado River Basin located in West Texas using this drought index. Cotton is the primary crop grown in the watershed and was used in this study. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate the cumulative biomass, soil moisture, and transpiration. A multiple linear regression model was developed for each week of the growing season based on the significant parameters during that stage of the growing season. These models were used to predict yield trends and drought severity. Two week forecasts for each drought parameter, yield trends, and the drought index were generated for 2010 through 2013 by using forecasted precipitation and temperature data as inputs for the hydrologic and crop model. This provided forecasted soil moisture, transpiration, and cumulative biomass production. Parameter rankings, yield trends, and the drought index were compared for those calculated with actual precipitation and temperature data as well as forecasted precipitation and temperature data. The precipitation ranking, temperature ranking, cumulative biomass ranking, transpiration ranking, estimated yield trends, and drought index indicated satisfactory forecast results. The soil moisture forecast did not result in satisfactory forecast. The final step in the project was to create an example interface for agricultural producers and water managers to view drought related stresses. ArcGIS online was used to create maps which show graphs of the weekly drought index and soil moisture ranking. Maps were created at the county scale. These maps provide agricultural producers readily accessible information that can be used for decision making related to water management. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155528
The Earth Observer
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites in earth sciences |
| ISBN | : |
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Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content
| Author | : George P. Petropoulos |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 564 |
| Release | : 2013-10-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1466505788 |
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Integrating decades of research conducted by leading scientists in the field, Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and modeling techniques employed for deriving spatio-temporal estimates of energy fluxes and soil surface moisture from remote sensing. It also underscores the range of such techniques available nowadays as well as the operationally distributed networks that provide today in-situ validated relevant observations. The book brings together three types of articles: Comprehensive reviews that examine the developments in concepts, methods, and techniques employed in deriving land surface heat fluxes as well as soil surface moisture on field, regional, and large scales, paying particular emphasis to the techniques exploiting Earth Observation (EO) technology Detailed insights into the principles and operation of the most widely applied approaches for the quantification and analysis of surface fluxes and soil moisture with case studies that directly show the great applicability of remote sensing in this field, or articles discussing specific issues in the retrievals of those parameters from space Focused articles integrating current knowledge and scientific understanding in the remote sensing of energy fluxes and soil moisture, that are highlighting the main issues, challenges, and future prospects of this emerging technology. Designed with different users in mind, the book is organized in four more or less independent units that make specific information easy to find. It presents a discussion on the future trends and prospects, underlying the scientific challenges that need to be addressed adequately in order to derive more accurate estimates of those parameters from space.
Drought Assessment
| Author | : R. Nagarajan |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 439 |
| Release | : 2010-09-08 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9048125006 |
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Information-based decision-making during drought, often brings out some of the excellent practices that are prevalent in society / individuals. This book is designed to provide information on the drought process, meteorological, hydrological, agriculture, socio-economic aspects and available technologies such as satellite remote sensing data analysis and Geographical Information system for assessment. Assessment procedures utilising the various parameters of importance from various sources for micro level management that would enhance the effectiveness of management practice are dealt in detail. Resource availability and affected group determine the relief assistance for the present event and information that would help them in their realisation and preparedness for the forthcoming years by select countries is highlighted. This would help in the formulation of schemes for event mitigation and area development plans. The readers would gain complete knowledge on drought. This book is expected to act as a guide in preparing people as effective natural resource utilizationist under drought situations.
The Effects of Drought on Predicted Air Quality in Texas
| Author | : Ling Huang (Ph. D.) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 540 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
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Drought is a natural disaster that has profound and complex social, economic, and environmental impacts. As drought is predicted to occur more frequently within Texas with changes in future climate, it is critical to understand its impacts on regional air quality as the State endeavors to achieve and maintain attainment with National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and fine particulate matter. Drought-induced changes in various natural systems, including emissions of biogenic hydrocarbons from vegetation and the physical removal of pollutants by vegetation via dry deposition, have the potential to effect air quality. This work characterizes land cover for eastern Texas climate regions during years with severe to exceptional drought conditions as well as years with average to above average precipitation patterns. Variability in meteorological conditions, biogenic emissions, and dry deposition rates is explored with widely applied global and regional models that have been configured specifically for multi-year analysis of eastern Texas conditions. The Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), which has been used for air quality planning and management efforts in Texas, is used to quantify the relative contributions of various physical and chemical processes to ground-level ozone formation and changes in ground-level ozone concentrations during representative drought and wet periods. The analyses indicate that drought influences air quality in complex ways. This work suggests that the two largest drought driven changes to the physical and chemical processes that influence air quality are increased biogenic emissions due to elevated temperatures and decreased air pollutant removal through dry deposition due to changes in leaf-level processes. Both of these changes degrade air quality and their combined effect can be as large as an increase of approximately 5 ppb in ground level, 8-hour averaged ozone concentrations in parts of eastern Texas. The effects of soil moisture on biogenic emissions estimates can be as significant as temperature, but current land surface model configurations and the adequacy of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols Nature (MEGAN) algorithm to fully represent short and long-term responses to soil moisture remain highly uncertain. The characterization of soil moisture through ground and satellite-based measurement programs and validation of global and regional-scale land cover distributions should continue to be high priorities to support air quality planning in Texas.
