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The Funding of School Education

The Funding of School Education
Author: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Publisher: Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9789264276130

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This report on the funding of school education constitutes the first in a series of thematic comparative reports bringing together findings from the OECD School Resources Review. School systems have limited financial resources with which to pursue their objectives and the design of school funding policies plays a key role in ensuring that resources are directed to where they can make the most difference. As OECD school systems have become more complex and characterised by multi-level governance, a growing set of actors are increasingly involved in financial decision-making. This requires designing funding allocation models that are aligned to a school system's governance structures, linking budget planning procedures at different levels to shared educational goals and evaluating the use of school funding to hold decision makers accountable and ensure that resources are used effectively and equitably. This report was co-funded by the European Commission. .


An Examination of the Effects of Student SES, School Funding, and Teaching Resources on Test Scores Among Ohio High School Students

An Examination of the Effects of Student SES, School Funding, and Teaching Resources on Test Scores Among Ohio High School Students
Author: Gwendolen Kaye Antestenis
Publisher:
Total Pages: 80
Release: 2007
Genre: Academic achievement
ISBN:

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This thesis examines indirect discrimination in Ohio's public schools. Student SES (socioeconomic status) and teaching resources influence student achievement. Federal, state, and local tax revenues purchase institutional resources in America's public school. Disparity in community property tax revenue results in unequal funds for public schools. Using path analysis I examined the direct and indirect effects of student SES and institutional resources on percentage of students passing the proficiency exams. In this thesis I introduced a label, indirect institutional discrimination, in the examination of property wealth based public school funding systems. Federal revenue, in comparison to state and local revenue, has a significant effect on proficiency test scores. Future research should examine subgroups selected by student SES to further explore the differential effects of federal, state, and local revenue on teaching resources variable and proficiency test scores.


Productive Aging

Productive Aging
Author: Nancy Morrow-Howell
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2003-05-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0801876575

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"Will 69 million baby boomers suddenly drop out of the workforce when they turn 65? It is difficult to imagine this generation, with its talent, education, and experience, idling away the last thirty years of life."—From the Foreword, by Robert N. Butler, M.D., The Mount Sinai Medical Center Old age has been historically thought of as a period of frailty and dependence, yet studies show that with the help of advances in health and medicine, current populations will live longer and remain healthier than previous generations. As average life expectancies rise, traditional concepts of retirement need to be reconsidered on all levels—from government policy to business practice to individual life planning. In this volume, leaders in the field of gerontology explore these changing conditions through the concept of "productive aging," which has been developed by leaders in the field to promote older adults' contributions to society in social and economic capacities. Productive Aging: Concepts and Challenges treats the implications of productive aging for the discipline of gerontology and for society in general. The first section defines the principles, historical perspectives, and conceptual frameworks for productive aging. The second section takes a disciplinary approach, treating the biomedical, psychological, sociological, and economic implications of a more capable older generation. The third section considers advances in theories of gerontology, and the fourth section suggests future directions in practice, theory, and research. Contributors: W. Andrew Achenbaum, University of Houston • Scott A. Bass, University of Maryland-Baltimore • Vern L. Bengtson, University of Southern California • James E. Birren, UCLA • Francis G. Caro, University of Massachusetts Boston • Carroll L. Estes, University of California-San Francisco • Marc Freedman, Civic Ventures (co-founder of Experience Corps) • James Hinterlong, Washington University • James S. Jackson, University of Michigan • Jane L. Mahakian, Pacific Senior Services • Harry R. Moody, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation • Nancy Morrow-Howell, Washington University • Philip Rozario, Washington University • James H. Schulz, Brandeis University • Michael Sherraden, Washington University • Alvar Svanborg, University of Illinois-Chicago and Goteburg University, Sweden • Brent A. Taylor, San Diego State University


Degree Attainment of Low-socioeconomic Status Students

Degree Attainment of Low-socioeconomic Status Students
Author: Kevin Patrick Saunders
Publisher:
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2004
Genre:
ISBN:

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The primary purpose of this inquiry was to develop an understanding of how socialization, economic, and interactionalist factors affect baccalaureate degree attainment of low-socioeconomic status (SES) students. The data were drawn from the 1996 Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) Longitudinal Study, which is sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics, and represented students who began postsecondary studies during the 1995-96 academic year at any postsecondary institution. A subset of low-SES students (n=437) was selected from the 8,934 respondents to the three rounds of the longitudinal study. The low-SES students were selected based upon their classification as moderately or highly disadvantaged on a socioeconomic diversity scale. The researcher employed structural equation modeling analyses as the primary statistical technique in this research to test a hypothesized model of degree attainment. The hypothesized model examined how control variables (ethnicity, gender), socialization variables (parents' income, parents' education, high school GPA, SAT composite score, degree aspirations), economic variables (grant aid, loan aid, work-study aid, cost of attendance), and interactionalist variables (academic and social integration) individually and collectively influence degree attainment for low-SES students. Several goodness-of-fit indices were used to determine the extent to which the causal model was consistent with the data. The structural model depicted links among variables in the model and tested the plausibility of assertions about the explanatory relationship of multiple constructs that influence degree attainment by estimating structural regression coefficients. The results of the study indicated that several factors influence low-SES students' baccalaureate degree attainment. Students' early academic performance, measured by high school GPA and SAT scores is a significant factor in the degree attainment process. Students' degree aspirations also had a significant effect on degree attainment. Increases in students' grant/budget ratio were associated with increases in both academic and social integration. Higher levels of academic and social integration, in turn, had a positive effect on degree attainment. The results of the study provided evidence that elaboration of the socialization theory of degree attainment by including economic and interactional factors offers a more complex understanding of degree attainment for low-SES students.


Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes

Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes
Author: Louis Volante
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 223
Release: 2019-08-31
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9811398631

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This book examines socioeconomic inequality and student outcomes across various Western industrialized nations and the varying success they have had in addressing achievement gaps in lower socioeconomic status student populations. It presents the national profiles of countries with notable achievement gaps within the respective school-aged student populations, explains the trajectory of achievement results in relation to both national and international large-scale assessment measures, and discusses how relevant education policies have evolved within their national contexts. Most importantly, the national profiles investigate the effectiveness of policy responses that have been adopted to close the achievement gap in lower socioeconomic status student populations. This book provides a cross-national analysis of policy approaches designed to address socioeconomic inequality.


Communities in Action

Communities in Action
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 583
Release: 2017-04-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.