Short And Long Run Externalities PDF Download
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| Author | : Eric J. Bartelsman |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 26 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Externalities (Economics) |
| ISBN | : |
Download Short and Long Run Externalities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this paper we build upon previous work on external economies in manufacturing [Caballero and Lyons (1989, 1990)] by providing new evidence helpful for discriminating between different types of externalities. We investigate four-digit level input-output relationships and find that, over shorter horizons, the linkage between an industry and its customers is the most important factor in the transmission of externalities. This suggests that transactions externalities accruing primarily to the seller, and/or activity-driven demand externalities are significant for explaining the short-run behavior of measured total factor productivity. Over longer horizons. on the other hand, it is the activity level of suppliers that is more important. This suggests that external effects are also operating through intermediate goods linkages.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 1990-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451926472 |
Download Externalities. Incentives, and Economic Reforms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The paper emphasizes the role of institutions and incentives in the presence of externalities. An economy with multiple public decision makers is likely to experience “overspending,” “undertaxing,” “overborrowing,” and “overinflation” unless effective institutions exist for overcoming coordination failure. External financing may weaken incentives for adjustment over the longer run unless assistance is made conditional on fundamental institutional reforms. The paper also analyzes reforms that strengthen incentives to provide effort. Uncertainty regarding future taxes reduces present effort and the responsiveness of output to market signals. In addition, the paper addresses the adverse effects of bank insurance and soft budget constraints.
| Author | : A. Denny Ellerman |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 388 |
| Release | : 2000-06-19 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0521660831 |
Download Markets for Clean Air Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The book analyzes the behavior and performance of the market for emissions permits, called allowances in the Acid Rain Program, and quantifies emission reductions, compliance costs, and cost savings associated with the trading program."--BOOK JACKET.
| Author | : Dan Allosso |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 268 |
| Release | : 2017-12-14 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781981731732 |
Download American Environmental History Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
An expanded, new and improved American Environmental History textbook for everyone! After years of teaching Environmental History at a major East Coast University without a textbook, Dr. Dan Allosso decided to take matters into his own hands. The result, American Environmental History, is a concise, comprehensive survey covering the material from Dan's undergraduate course. What do people say about the class and the text? "This was my first semester and this course has created an incredible first impression. If all of the courses are this good, I am going to really enjoy my time here. The course has completely changed the way I look at the world." (Student in 2014 class) "One of the few classes I'm really sad is ending, the subject matter is fascinating and Dan is a great guide to it. His approach should be required of all students as it teaches an appreciation for a newer and better way of living." (Student in 2014 class) "Allosso's lectures are fantastic. The best I have ever had. So impressed. The material is always extremely interesting and well-presented." (Student in 2015 class) "It is just a perfect course that I think should be mandatory if we want to save our planet and live responsibly." (Student in 2015 class) "A rare gem for an IB ESS teacher or any social studies teacher looking for an 11th or 12th grade supplementary text that aims to provide an historical context for the environmental reality in America today. Highly recommended." (District Curriculum Coordinator, 2016) "I was so impressed with this material that I am using it as a supplement for a course I teach at my college." (History and Environmental Studies Professor, 2017) Beginning in prehistory and concluding in the present, American Environmental History explores the ways the environment has affected the choices that became our history, and how our choices have affected the environment. The dynamic relationship between people and the world around them is missing from mainstream history. Putting the environment back into history helps us make sense of the past and the present, which will help guide us toward a better future. More information and Dan's blog are available at environmentalhistory.us
| Author | : Amitrajeet A. Batabyal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Positive and Negative Externalities in Innovation, Trade, and Regional Economic Growth Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We analyze the interactions between positive and negative externalities in innovation and trade for economic growth in a region when this region is part of an aggregate economy consisting of two regions. In both regions consumers have constant relative risk aversion preferences, there is human capital use, and there are three kinds of manufacturing activities involving the production of blueprints for inputs or machines, the inputs or machines themselves, and a single final good for consumption. We study two cases. In the first case, there is no growth in the human capital stock but innovative activities give rise to positive externalities or knowledge spillovers in two ways. In this setting, we study whether and under what circumstances opening a region to trade results in an increase in this region's equilibrium growth rate. In the second case, there is growth in the human capital stock but there are negative externalities in innovation. In this scenario, we show that opening a region to trade leads to more innovation but to no change in its long run growth rate.
| Author | : Yukio Karasawa |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Endogenous Time Preference and Consumption Externalities in a Small Open Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper presents a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model in a small open economy and considers the role of endogenous impatience and consumption externalities in a neoclassical growth model. In the case of socially increasing marginal impatience, there exists a unique and saddle-point stable steady state. By contrast, in the case of socially decreasing marginal impatience, there may exist multiple steady states and the dynamic equilibrium around the steady state with incomplete specialization may exhibit indeterminacy. The occurrence of the indeterminacy result requires a large degree of increasing time preference in average consumption and a socially decreasing marginal impatience which means that the slope of the supply curve for capital is negative in the long-run. In addition, the long-run effects of a terms-of-trade deterioration on the economy's comparative advantage and its relation to indeterminacy are examined.
| Author | : Rhona C. Free |
| Publisher | : SAGE Publications |
| Total Pages | : 1038 |
| Release | : 2010-05-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 145226631X |
Download 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Interest in economics is at an all-time high. Among the challenges facing the nation is an economy with rapidly rising unemployment, failures of major businesses and industries, and continued dependence on oil with its wildly fluctuating price. Economists have dealt with such questions for generations, but they have taken on new meaning and significance. Tackling these questions and encompassing analysis of traditional economic theory and topics as well as those that economists have only more recently addressed, 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook is a must-have reference resource. Key Features Provides highly readable summaries of theory and models in key areas of micro and macroeconomics, helpful for students trying to get a "big picture" sense of the field Includes introductions to relevant theory as well as empirical evidence, useful for readers interested in learning about economic analysis of an issue as well for students embarking on research projects Features chapters focused on cutting-edge topics with appeal for economists seeking to learn about extensions of analysis into new areas as well as new approaches Presents models in graphical format and summarizes empirical evidence in ways that do not require much background in statistics or econometrics, so as to maximize accessibility to students
| Author | : Martin Zagler |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Growth Externalities, Unions, and Long-Term Wage Accords Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper presents an innovation driven endogenous growth model, where firms and unions bargain over wages. We find that the degree of centralization of the bargaining structure plays a crucial rule for economic performance. Central bargaining, which incorporates the leapfrogging externality incorporated in firm-level bargaining, will yield lower rates of unemployment for a given rate of economic growth. The increase in labor resources will in turn also yield faster growth rates in a corporatist economy. Indeed, when unions focus on issues other than short term wage increases, they may even outperform the non-unionized economy, as they can internalize the knowledge externality through long-term wage moderation accords.
| Author | : Jonathan Gruber |
| Publisher | : Macmillan |
| Total Pages | : 806 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780716786559 |
Download Public Finance and Public Policy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Chapters include: "Income distribution and welfare programs", "State and local government expenditures" and "Health economics and private health insurance".
| Author | : Steven A. Greenlaw |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781947172432 |
Download Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses 2e Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses 2e covers the scope and sequence requirements for an Advanced Placement® macroeconomics course and is listed on the College Board's AP® example textbook list. The second edition includes many current examples and recent data from FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), which are presented in a politically equitable way. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of economics concepts. The second edition was developed with significant feedback from current users. In nearly all chapters, it follows the same basic structure of the first edition. General descriptions of the edits are provided in the preface, and a chapter-by-chapter transition guide is available for instructors.
