Shipping In Its Relation To Our Foreign Trade Classic Reprint PDF Download

Excerpt from American Shipping: Its History and Economic Conditions Changing character of the merchant marine. Early statistics unreliable. Effects of Reciprocity Act of 1815. Restoration of tonnage duties of 1790. First blow to system of discriminating prohibitions. Exclusion of foreign ships from American coasting trade by law, 1817. Tonnage statistics corrected in 1818; no real marked decline'at that time. America closed to British vessels clearing from ports closed to American ships. Destruction of the Caribbean pirates. Discriminations against French ships. Withdrawal of discriminating duties against ships of the Nether lands, Prussia, Hamburg, Liibeck, Bremen, Oldenburg, Norway, Sardinia, Russia, and Colombia. Removal of discriminating duties in the indirect trade, 1828. Treaties under the reciprocity acts. Effect of the law of 1828. Other factors entering into consideration of the effects of that law. The Erie Canal. Reci procity with Great Britain in the West Indian trade. Beginnings of the packet lines. Character of packet vessels. The clipper ships. The rush for California. Collapse of the clipper trade. Repeal of English corn laws an aid to American shipping. Lloyd's discriminations against American-built ships. Progress of the sailing fleet. Development of steam competition. Early trans-atlantic steamers. Establishment of the Cunard Line. The Pacific Steam Navigation Co. United States adopts mail-subsidy policy. Establishment of American lines to Havre and Bremen. Founding of the Collins line. Its short life. Steam ship venturae of Commodore Vanderbilt. The United States Mail and Pacific Mail Steamship Companies. Rivalry between the two lines. Mordecai's Havana. Line. Crowing Opposition in Congress to mail subsidies. Abandonment of ship subsidies by the United States. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.