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Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements

Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements
Author: Chad P. Bown
Publisher:
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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The Bagwell and Staiger (1990) theory of cooperative trade agreements predicts new tariffs (i) increase with imports, (ii) increase with the inverse of the sum of the import demand and export supply elasticities, and (iii) decrease with the variance of imports. The authors find US import policy during 1997-2006 to be consistent with this theory. A one standard deviation increase in import growth, the inverse of the sum of the import demand and export supply elasticity, and the standard deviation of import growth changes the probability that the US imposes an antidumping tariff by 35 percent, by 88 percent, and by -76 percent, respectively.


Self-enforcing Trade Agreements

Self-enforcing Trade Agreements
Author: Chad P. Brown
Publisher:
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2009
Genre: Antidumping duties
ISBN:

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"This paper empirically examines how governments make trade policy adjustments under a self-enforcing trade agreement in the presence of economic shocks. Using data on US antidumping (AD) policy formation between 1997-2006, we find that US antidumping policy is often consistent with the time-varying "cooperative" tariff increases modeled in the self-enforcing trade agreement of Bagwell and Staiger (1990). Estimates of an empirical model of US antidumping indicate that the likelihood of a US antidumping duty is increasing in the size of the unexpected import surge, decreasing in the volatility of imports and decreasing in the elasticities of import demand and export supply. This suggests that time-varying increases in US tariff rates under antidumping policy could be interpreted as "cooperative" tariff increases that support a self-enforcing trade agreement facing an unexpected import surge."


Self-enforcing Trade Agreements and Private Information

Self-enforcing Trade Agreements and Private Information
Author: Kyle Bagwell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 49
Release: 2009
Genre: Commercial treaties
ISBN:

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This paper considers self-enforcing trade agreements among privately informed governments. A trade agreement that uses weak bindings (i.e., maximal tariff levels) is shown to offer advantages relative to a trade agreement that uses strong bindings (i.e., precise tariff levels). Consistent with practice, the theory also predicts that governments sometimes apply tariffs that are strictly below their bound rates. When private information is persistent through time, an enforcement "ratchet effect" is identified: a government reveals that it is "weak," and thus that it is unlikely to retaliate in an effective manner, when it applies a low tariff. This effect suggests that a government with a low type may "pool" at an above-optimal tariff, in order to conceal weakness. It also suggests a new information-based theory of gradualism in trade agreements.


Self-Enforcing Trade

Self-Enforcing Trade
Author: Chad P. Bown
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2010-02-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0815704186

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The World Trade Organization—backbone of today's international commercial relations—requires member countries to self-enforce exporters' access to foreign markets. Its dispute settlement system is the crown jewel of the international trading system, but its benefits still fall disproportionately to wealthy nations. Could the system be doing more on behalf of developing countries? In Self-Enforcing Trade, Chad P. Bown explains why the answer is an emphatic "yes." Bown argues that as poor countries look to the benefits promised by globalization as part of their overall development strategy, they increasingly require access to the WTO dispute settlement process to protect their trading interests. Unfortunately, the practical realities of WTO dispute settlement as it currently stands create a number of hurdles that prevent developing countries from enjoying the trading system's full benefits. This book confronts these challenges. Self-Enforcing Trade examines the WTO's "extended litigation process," highlighting the tangle of international economics, law, and politics that participants must master. He identifies the costs that prevent developing countries from disentangling the self-enforcement process and fully using the WTO system as part of their growth strategies. Bown assesses recent efforts to help developing countries overcome those costs, including the role of the Advisory Centre on WTO Law and development focused NGOs. Bown's proposed Institute for Assessing WTO Commitments tackles the largest remaining obstacle currently limiting developing country engagement in the WTO's selfenforcement process—a problematic lack of information, monitoring, and surveillance.


Domestic Policies in Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements

Domestic Policies in Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements
Author: Philip U. Sauré
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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If all cross-country externalities travel through the terms-of-trade, efficient trade agreements target the terms-of-trade but ignore domestic policies. This argument has been advanced by prominent studies on trade agreements. The present paper shows that its logic fails if production possibilities are intertemporally linked -- for example, under dynamic factor accumulation. In this case, past policies shape current production possibilities and thus affect defection temptations. Therefore, self-enforcing trade agreements that leave the choice of domestic policies to individual countries risk that countries abandon the zone of voluntarily cooperation while optimizing their policies. Consequently, trade agreements that target only the terms-of-trade suffer inefficiencies that are absent in trade agreements that target policies directly. The losses are strictly positive except for knife-edge cases, which existing studies have focussed on.


Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements, Dispute Settlement and Separation of Powers

Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements, Dispute Settlement and Separation of Powers
Author: Kristy Buzard
Publisher:
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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In an environment where international trade agreements must be enforced via promises of future cooperation, the presence of an import-competing lobby has important implications for optimal punishments, and therefore dispute resolution procedures. When lobbies work to disrupt trade agreements, the optimal punishment must balance two, conflicting objectives. Longer punishments help to enforce cooperation by increasing the government's costs of defecting, but because the lobby prefers the punishment outcome, this also incentivizes lobbying effort and with it political pressure to break the agreement. Thus the model generates new predictions for the design of mechanisms for resolving trade disputes: within the class of Nash-reversion punishments, there is an optimal length for dispute resolutions procedures, and it depends directly on the political influence of the lobbies. Trade agreement tariffs are shown to be increasing in the political influence of the lobbies, as well as their patience levels.


Tariff Retaliation Versus Financial Compensation in the Enforcement of International Trade Agreements

Tariff Retaliation Versus Financial Compensation in the Enforcement of International Trade Agreements
Author: Nuno Limão
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2006
Genre: Barreras comerciales
ISBN: 0060324163

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"The authors analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the current system of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization that permits member countries to impose retaliatory tariffs in response to trade violations committed by other members. They show that monetary fines are more efficient than tariffs in terms of granting compensation to injured parties when there are violations in equilibrium. However, fines suffer from an enforcement problem since they must be paid by the violating country. If fines must ultimately be supported by the threat of retaliatory tariffs, they fail to yield a more cooperative outcome than the current system. The authors also consider the use of bonds as a means of settling disputes. If bonds can be posted with a third party, they do not have to be supported by retaliatory tariffs and can improve the negotiating position of countries that are too small to threaten tariff retaliation. "--World Bank web site.


Managed Trade with Imperfect Information

Managed Trade with Imperfect Information
Author: Gal Hochman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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This article illustrates the importance of imperfect information in self-enforcing trade agreements. It shows that expected welfare is higher with current period uncertainty, and"a high level"of uncertainty may"even"undermine the need for a safeguard clause. These results were derived by extending the seminal paper by Bagwell and Staiger (The American Economic Review"80 (1990), 779-95) to account for current period uncertainty.