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| Author | : Francesco Pandolfi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 146 |
| Release | : 2013-09-30 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9783319009049 |
| Author | : Francesco Pandolfi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 137 |
| Release | : 2013-08-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319009036 |
The theoretical foundations of the Standard Model of elementary particles relies on the existence of the Higgs boson, a particle which has been revealed for the first time by the experiments run at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. As the Higgs boson is an unstable particle, its search strategies were based on its decay products. In this thesis, Francesco Pandolfi conducted a search for the Higgs boson in the H → ZZ → l + l - qq Decay Channel with 4.6 fb -1 of 7 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. The presence of jets in the final state poses a series of challenges to the experimenter: both from a technical point of view, as jets are complex objects and necessitate of ad-hoc reconstruction techniques, and from an analytical one, as backgrounds with jets are copious at hadron colliders, therefore analyses must obtain high degrees of background rejection in order to achieve competitive sensitivity. This is accomplished by following two directives: the use of an angular likelihood discriminant, capable of discriminating events likely to originate from the decay of a scalar boson from non-resonant backgrounds, and by using jet parton flavor tagging, selecting jets compatible with quark hadronization and discarding jets more likely to be initiated by gluons. The events passing the selection requirements in 4.6 fb -1 of data collected by the CMS detector are examined, in the search of a possible signal compatible with the decay of a heavy Higgs boson. The thesis describes the statistical tools and the results of this analysis. This work is a paradigm for studies of the Higgs boson with final states with jets. The non-expert physicists will enjoy a complete and eminently readable description of a proton-proton collider analysis. At the same time, the expert reader will learn the details of the searches done with jets at CMS.
| Author | : Simone Marzani |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 205 |
| Release | : 2019-05-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030157091 |
This concise primer reviews the latest developments in the field of jets. Jets are collinear sprays of hadrons produced in very high-energy collisions, e.g. at the LHC or at a future hadron collider. They are essential to and ubiquitous in experimental analyses, making their study crucial. At present LHC energies and beyond, massive particles around the electroweak scale are frequently produced with transverse momenta that are much larger than their mass, i.e., boosted. The decay products of such boosted massive objects tend to occupy only a relatively small and confined area of the detector and are observed as a single jet. Jets hence arise from many different sources and it is important to be able to distinguish the rare events with boosted resonances from the large backgrounds originating from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This requires familiarity with the internal properties of jets, such as their different radiation patterns, a field broadly known as jet substructure. This set of notes begins by providing a phenomenological motivation, explaining why the study of jets and their substructure is of particular importance for the current and future program of the LHC, followed by a brief but insightful introduction to QCD and to hadron-collider phenomenology. The next section introduces jets as complex objects constructed from a sequential recombination algorithm. In this context some experimental aspects are also reviewed. Since jet substructure calculations are multi-scale problems that call for all-order treatments (resummations), the bases of such calculations are discussed for simple jet quantities. With these QCD and jet physics ingredients in hand, readers can then dig into jet substructure itself. Accordingly, these notes first highlight the main concepts behind substructure techniques and introduce a list of the main jet substructure tools that have been used over the past decade. Analytic calculations are then provided for several families of tools, the goal being to identify their key characteristics. In closing, the book provides an overview of LHC searches and measurements where jet substructure techniques are used, reviews the main take-home messages, and outlines future perspectives.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
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| ISBN | : |
A search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two Z bosons with subsequent decay into a final state containing two quark jets and two leptons, H to ZZ(*) to q q-bar l-l+ is presented. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. In order to discriminate between signal and background events, kinematic and topological quantities, including the angular spin correlations of the decay products, are employed. Events are further classified according to the probability of the jets to originate from quarks of light or heavy flavor or from gluons. No evidence for the Higgs boson is found, and upper limits on its production cross section are determined for a Higgs boson of mass between 130 and 600 GeV.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
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| ISBN | : |
A search for a Higgs boson in the four-lepton decay channel H to ZZ, with each Z boson decaying to an electron or muon pair, is reported. The search covers Higgs boson mass hypotheses in the range 110 mH
| Author | : Aleandro Nisati |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 470 |
| Release | : 2016-08-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 981442546X |
The recent observation of the Higgs boson has been hailed as the scientific discovery of the century and led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in physics. This book describes the detailed science behind the decades-long search for this elusive particle at the Large Electron Positron Collider at CERN and at the Tevatron at Fermilab and its subsequent discovery and characterization at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Written by physicists who played leading roles in this epic search and discovery, this book is an authoritative and pedagogical exposition of the portrait of the Higgs boson that has emerged from a large number of experimental measurements. As the first of its kind, this book should be of interest to graduate students and researchers in particle physics.
| Author | : Giovanni Petrucciani |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 232 |
| Release | : 2014-12-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 8876424822 |
This book describes the searches that lead to the discovery of a Higgs boson performed at CMS, one of the two main experiments at the CERN LHC. After an overview of the theory and of the CMS experiment, all search channels are described, with emphasis on the ones with the best sensitivity. The statistical methodology used to analyse and the outcomes of the searches and the discovery results are then presented in detail.
| Author | : Masahiro Kuze |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 996 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9812706704 |
These proceedings present the most up-to-date status of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) physics. Topics such as structure function measurements and phenomenology, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) studies in DIS and photoproduction, spin physics and diffractive interactions are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on those studies that push the test of QCD and the Standard Model to the limits of their present range of validity, towards both the very high and the very low four-momentum transfers in leptonproton scattering.
| Author | : Adish Pradeep Vartak |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 206 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781303948466 |
A search for the standard model Higgs boson is presented using data collected in pp collisions at the LHC with the CMS detector. Two distinct Higgs boson decay channels are analyzed. The H --> ZZ --> 2l2[Nu] channel, where l = e or [mu], is analyzed with data collected in 2011 at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1. No significant excess of events is observed above the background expectation and the presence of a standard model Higgs boson is excluded in the mass range 270-440 GeV at 95% confidence level. The H --> ZZ --> 4l channel is analyzed with data collected in 2011 and 2012 corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.7 fb−1 at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV respectively. A new boson is observed with a local significance of 6.7 standard deviations. The mass of this particle is measured to be 125.6±0.4(stat)±0.2(syst) GeV, and it has a signal strength of 1.04+0.29/-0.25(stat) +0.14/-0.08(syst) relative to the standard model Higgs boson expectation. The width of this particle is measured to be less than 3.6 GeV at 95% confidence level. The spin and parity of this particle is found to be consistent with the standard model Higgs boson.
| Author | : Catherine Vander Velde |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 1042 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Particles (Nuclear physics) |
| ISBN | : 9814531057 |
