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Scientific Results of the Viking Project

Scientific Results of the Viking Project
Author: American Geophysical Union
Publisher:
Total Pages: 746
Release: 1977
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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Introductory essays by Viking Project scientist Gerald A. Soffen and Viking Orbiter scientist Conway W. Snyder describe the project, the spacecraft, selection of the Martian landing sites, and the experiments undertaken. The rest of the papers are by scientists involved in the project and comprise a record of the data obtained, the experiments, and their evaluation.


Mars

Mars
Author: Barry DiGregorio
Publisher: Frog Limited
Total Pages: 365
Release: 1997
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781883319588

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Claims of Martian life continue to spur scientific debate; this partisan account summarizes the arguments to date. When several experiments conducted by the 1976 Viking Mars Landers returned positive results regarding signs of life, NASA scientists dismissed them as false positives. According to DiGregorio, this was based on nothing more than a refusal to accept the possibility of life beyond Earth. To bolster this argument, he surveys the history of the idea that life might exist on other planets, invoking such names as Giordano Bruno and Galileo. As our understanding of both biology and astronomy grew, the notion that life is not unique to Earth took hold in the minds of many scientists. The recent rise of the new science of exobiology opened doors to an understanding of how life might have arisen on any planet with the right conditions. Dr. Levin and Dr. Straat, who designed and built one of the Viking experiments, contribute two chapters summarizing the current status of this fascinating debate. The author's detailed research, as well as extensive interviews with Dr. Levin and others, highlights the intriguing evidence pointing to life on the Red Planet.


Viking DNA

Viking DNA
Author: Stephen Harding
Publisher: Nottingham University Press
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2011-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 190728494X

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Focusing on men from old families in England’s Wirral and West Lancashire regions, this survey traces the DNA of the local populace back to their Viking ancestors in order to determine the impact of past societies on their genetic make-up. Arguing that the areas exhibit many archaeological and historical features proving them to have had a clear Viking presence, this account provides background information on Viking settlements as well as conclusions drawn from the DNA testing. An illustrated example of how DNA methods can be used to learn about the past is also included.


Mars Exploration

Mars Exploration
Author: Giuseppe Pezzella
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2020-09-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1839623624

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More than 50 years after the Mariner 4 flyby on 15 July 1965, Mars still represents the next frontier of space explorations. Of particular focus nowadays is crewed missions to the red planet. Over three sections, this book explores missions to Mars, in situ operations, and human-rated missions. Chapters address elements of design and possible psychological effects related to human-rated missions. The information contained herein will allow for the development of safe and efficient exploration missions to Mars.


To Mars with Love

To Mars with Love
Author: Patricia Ann Straat
Publisher: Palmetto Publishing Group
Total Pages: 150
Release: 2018-10-31
Genre:
ISBN: 9781641111508

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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars

Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2006-04-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 030909724X

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Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet. Coupled with advances in biology and life-detection techniques, these developments place increasing importance on the need to protect Mars from contamination by Earth-borne organisms. To help with this effort, NASA requested that the NRC examine existing planetary protection measures for Mars and recommend changes and further research to improve such measures. This report discusses policies, requirements, and techniques to protect Mars from organisms originating on Earth that could interfere with scientific investigations. It provides recommendations on cleanliness and biological burden levels of Mars-bound spacecraft, methods to reach those levels, and research to reduce uncertainties in preventing forward contamination of Mars.


Viking Archaeology in Iceland

Viking Archaeology in Iceland
Author: Davide Zori
Publisher: Brepols Publishers
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre: Antiquities
ISBN: 9782503544007

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The Viking North Atlantic differs significantly from the popular image of violent raids and destruction characterizing the Viking Age in Northern Europe. In Iceland, Scandinavian seafarers discovered and settled a large uninhabited island. In order to survive and succeed, they adapted lifestyles and social strategies to a new environment. The result was a new society, the Icelandic Free State. This volume examines the Viking Age in Iceland through the discoveries and excavations of the Mosfell Archaeological Project (MAP) in Iceland's Mosfell Valley. Directed by Professor Jesse Byock, with Field Director Davide Zori, MAP brings together scholars and researchers from Iceland, Britain, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, and the United States. The Project incorporates the disciplines of archaeology, history, saga studies, osteology, zoology, paleobotany, genetics, isotope studies, place names studies, environmental science, and historical architecture. The decade-long research of MAP has led to the discovery of an exceptionally well-preserved Viking chieftain's farmstead, including a longhouse, pagan cremation site, a conversion-era stave church, and a Christian graveyard. The research results presented here tell the story of how the Mosfell Valley developed from a ninth-century settlement of Norse seafarers into a powerful Icelandic chieftaincy of the Viking Age.