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Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 257 |
Release | : 2019-10-20 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309486165 |
Download Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Author | : Svetla Baykoucheva |
Publisher | : Chandos Publishing |
Total Pages | : 163 |
Release | : 2015-07-14 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0081002378 |
Download Managing Scientific Information and Research Data Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Innovative technologies are changing the way research is performed, preserved, and communicated. Managing Scientific Information and Research Data explores how these technologies are used and provides detailed analysis of the approaches and tools developed to manage scientific information and data. Following an introduction, the book is then divided into 15 chapters discussing the changes in scientific communication; new models of publishing and peer review; ethics in scientific communication; preservation of data; discovery tools; discipline-specific practices of researchers for gathering and using scientific information; academic social networks; bibliographic management tools; information literacy and the information needs of students and researchers; the involvement of academic libraries in eScience and the new opportunities it presents to librarians; and interviews with experts in scientific information and publishing. Promotes innovative technologies for creating, sharing and managing scientific content Presents new models of scientific publishing, peer review, and dissemination of information Serves as a practical guide for researchers, students, and librarians on how to discover, filter, and manage scientific information Advocates for the adoption of unique author identifiers such as ORCID and ResearcherID Looks into new tools that make scientific information easy to discover and manage Shows what eScience is and why it is becoming a priority for academic libraries Demonstrates how Electronic Laboratory Notebooks can be used to record, store, share, and manage research data Shows how social media and the new area of Altmetrics increase researchers’ visibility and measure attention to their research Directs to sources for datasets Provides directions on choosing and using bibliographic management tools Critically examines the metrics used to evaluate research impact Aids strategic thinking and informs decision making
Author | : David J. Livingstone |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 358 |
Release | : 2009-12-10 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 047068481X |
Download A Practical Guide to Scientific Data Analysis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Inspired by the author's need for practical guidance in the processes of data analysis, A Practical Guide to Scientific Data Analysis has been written as a statistical companion for the working scientist. This handbook of data analysis with worked examples focuses on the application of mathematical and statistical techniques and the interpretation of their results. Covering the most common statistical methods for examining and exploring relationships in data, the text includes extensive examples from a variety of scientific disciplines. The chapters are organised logically, from planning an experiment, through examining and displaying the data, to constructing quantitative models. Each chapter is intended to stand alone so that casual users can refer to the section that is most appropriate to their problem. Written by a highly qualified and internationally respected author this text: Presents statistics for the non-statistician Explains a variety of methods to extract information from data Describes the application of statistical methods to the design of “performance chemicals” Emphasises the application of statistical techniques and the interpretation of their results Of practical use to chemists, biochemists, pharmacists, biologists and researchers from many other scientific disciplines in both industry and academia.
Author | : Massimiliano Bonamente |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 323 |
Release | : 2016-11-08 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1493965727 |
Download Statistics and Analysis of Scientific Data Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The revised second edition of this textbook provides the reader with a solid foundation in probability theory and statistics as applied to the physical sciences, engineering and related fields. It covers a broad range of numerical and analytical methods that are essential for the correct analysis of scientific data, including probability theory, distribution functions of statistics, fits to two-dimensional data and parameter estimation, Monte Carlo methods and Markov chains. Features new to this edition include: • a discussion of statistical techniques employed in business science, such as multiple regression analysis of multivariate datasets. • a new chapter on the various measures of the mean including logarithmic averages. • new chapters on systematic errors and intrinsic scatter, and on the fitting of data with bivariate errors. • a new case study and additional worked examples. • mathematical derivations and theoretical background material have been appropriately marked, to improve the readability of the text. • end-of-chapter summary boxes, for easy reference. As in the first edition, the main pedagogical method is a theory-then-application approach, where emphasis is placed first on a sound understanding of the underlying theory of a topic, which becomes the basis for an efficient and practical application of the material. The level is appropriate for undergraduates and beginning graduate students, and as a reference for the experienced researcher. Basic calculus is used in some of the derivations, and no previous background in probability and statistics is required. The book includes many numerical tables of data, as well as exercises and examples to aid the readers' understanding of the topic.
Author | : Edwin Ray Lankester |
Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
Total Pages | : 42 |
Release | : 2024-01-26 |
Genre | : Fiction |
ISBN | : 3385328985 |
Download The Scientific Results of the Exhibition Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Reprint of the original, first published in 1883.
Author | : William L. Harper |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 443 |
Release | : 2011-12-08 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 019957040X |
Download Isaac Newton's Scientific Method Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Includes bibliographical references (p. [397]-410) and index.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 399 |
Release | : 2018-09-23 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309475171 |
Download Returning Individual Research Results to Participants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
When is it appropriate to return individual research results to participants? The immense interest in this question has been fostered by the growing movement toward greater transparency and participant engagement in the research enterprise. Yet, the risks of returning individual research resultsâ€"such as results with unknown validityâ€"and the associated burdens on the research enterprise are competing considerations. Returning Individual Research Results to Participants reviews the current evidence on the benefits, harms, and costs of returning individual research results, while also considering the ethical, social, operational, and regulatory aspects of the practice. This report includes 12 recommendations directed to various stakeholdersâ€"investigators, sponsors, research institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs), regulators, and participantsâ€"and are designed to help (1) support decision making regarding the return of results on a study-by-study basis, (2) promote high-quality individual research results, (3) foster participant understanding of individual research results, and (4) revise and harmonize current regulations.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 133 |
Release | : 2016-02-29 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0309392055 |
Download Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Questions about the reproducibility of scientific research have been raised in numerous settings and have gained visibility through several high-profile journal and popular press articles. Quantitative issues contributing to reproducibility challenges have been considered (including improper data measurement and analysis, inadequate statistical expertise, and incomplete data, among others), but there is no clear consensus on how best to approach or to minimize these problems. A lack of reproducibility of scientific results has created some distrust in scientific findings among the general public, scientists, funding agencies, and industries. While studies fail for a variety of reasons, many factors contribute to the lack of perfect reproducibility, including insufficient training in experimental design, misaligned incentives for publication and the implications for university tenure, intentional manipulation, poor data management and analysis, and inadequate instances of statistical inference. The workshop summarized in this report was designed not to address the social and experimental challenges but instead to focus on the latter issues of improper data management and analysis, inadequate statistical expertise, incomplete data, and difficulties applying sound statistic inference to the available data. Many efforts have emerged over recent years to draw attention to and improve reproducibility of scientific work. This report uniquely focuses on the statistical perspective of three issues: the extent of reproducibility, the causes of reproducibility failures, and the potential remedies for these failures.
Author | : Michael Eineder |
Publisher | : MDPI |
Total Pages | : 422 |
Release | : 2019-04-16 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3038977241 |
Download Ten Years of TerraSAR-X—Scientific Results Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This Special Issue is a collection of papers addressing the scientific use of data acquired in the course of the TerraSAR-X mission 10 years after launch. The articles deal with the mission itself, the accuracy of the products, with differential interferometry, and with applications in the domains cryosphere, oceans, wetlands, and urban areas.
Author | : Robert Fiske Griggs |
Publisher | : Рипол Классик |
Total Pages | : 247 |
Release | : 1918 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 5876119865 |
Download Scientific results of the Katmai expeditions of the National Geographic Society. I-X Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle