Scientific And Technical Basis For The Near Surface Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Level Waste PDF Download
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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Scientific and Technical Basis for the Near Surface Disposal of Low and Intermediate Level Waste Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This comprehensive report discusses, in a generic sense, the scientific and technical basis for the disposal of low and intermediate level waste in near surface repositories. It is based on the experience of Member States with operational disposal facilities and on relevant national and international research and development studies. It focuses on basic principles, approaches, methodologies and technical criteria considered to be important for the design and safe operation of a near surface disposal facility, and for providing a convincing safety case that also covers the periods following repository closure and the end of institutional controls.
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789201143136 |
Download Near Surface Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to meet safety requirements on the disposal of radioactive waste. It is concerned with the disposal of solid radioactive waste by emplacement in designated facilities at or near the land surface. The Safety Guide provides guidance on the development, operation and closure of, and on the regulatory control of, near surface disposal facilities, which are suitable for the disposal of very low level waste and low level waste. The Safety Guide provides guidance on a range of disposal methods, including the emplacement of solid radioactive waste in earthen trenches, in above ground engineered structures, in engineered structures just below the ground surface and in rock caverns, silos and tunnels excavated at depths of up to a few tens of metres underground. It is intended for use primarily by those involved with policy development for, with the regulatory control of, and with the development and operation of near surface disposal facilities.
| Author | : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 188 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
Download Low-level Radioactive Waste Repositories Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2001-07-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309073170 |
Download Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
| Author | : A. S. Purnomo |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Current Status of Radioactive Waste Management and Planning for Near Surface Disposal in Indonesia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Near surface disposal has been practiced for some decades, with a wide variation in sites, types and amounts of wastes, and facility designs employed. Experience has shown that the effective and safe isolation of waste depends on the performance of the overall disposal system, which is formed by three major components or barriers: the site, the disposal facility and the waste form. Near surface disposal also rely on active institutional controls, such as monitoring and maintenance. The objective of radioactive waste disposal is to isolate waste so that it does not result in undue radiation exposure to humans and the environment. The required degree of isolation can be obtained by implementing various disposal methods, of which near surface disposal represents an option commonly used and demonstrated in several countries. In near surface disposal, the disposal facility is located on or below the ground surface, where the protective covering is generally a few meters thick. The se facilities are intended to contain low and intermediate level waste without appreciable quantities of long-lived radionuclides.
| Author | : Roland Pusch |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 2017-04-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1351795082 |
Download Geologic Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book will address concepts and techniques for preparation and disposal of low- (LLW) and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive waste from the nuclear industry, the weapons industry, university labs, research institutes, and from the commercial industry. It will aid decision-makers in finding optimal technical/economical solutions, including how site investigations, design, construction, identification and selection of construction materials (clay and concrete), and monitoring can be made. It will also examine techniques for isolating soil and rock contaminated by leaking nuclear plants and from damaged nuclear reactors such as those at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear plants.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 1999-10-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309184584 |
Download Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.
| Author | : P. Metcalf |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 8 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Safety Assessment Methodologies and Their Application in Development of Near Surface Waste Disposal Facilities--ASAM Project Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Safety of near surface disposal facilities is a primary focus and objective of stakeholders involved in radioactive waste management of low and intermediate level waste and safety assessment is an important tool contributing to the evaluation and demonstration of the overall safety of these facilities. It plays significant role in different stages of development of these facilities (site characterization, design, operation, closure) and especially for those facilities for which safety assessment has not been performed or safety has not been demonstrated yet and the future has not been decided. Safety assessments also create the basis for the safety arguments presented to nuclear regulators, public and other interested parties in respect of the safety of existing facilities, the measures to upgrade existing facilities and development of new facilities. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has initiated a number of research coordinated projects in the field of development and improvement of approaches to safety assessment and methodologies for safety assessment of near surface disposal facilities, such as NSARS (Near Surface Radioactive Waste Disposal Safety Assessment Reliability Study) and ISAM (Improvement of Safety Assessment Methodologies for Near Surface Disposal Facilities) projects. These projects were very successful and showed that there is a need to promote the consistent application of the safety assessment methodologies and to explore approaches to regulatory review of safety assessments and safety cases in order to make safety related decisions. These objectives have been the basis of the IAEA follow up coordinated research project--ASAM (Application of Safety Assessment Methodologies for Near Surface Disposal Facilities), which will commence in November 2002 and continue for a period of three years.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 590 |
| Release | : 1996-02-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309052262 |
Download Nuclear Wastes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Technical Reports Series |
| Total Pages | : 98 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Scientific and Technical Basis for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This report focuses on the different functions of a repository within its life cycle and describes the processes relevant to the containment of long lived radioactive waste and other criteria influencing the long term integrity of the repository. It emphasizes the central role of safety and the importance of safety/performance assessments in the decision making process during repository development.
