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Safety-driven System Engineering Process

Safety-driven System Engineering Process
Author: Margaret Virgina Stringfellow
Publisher:
Total Pages: 214
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:
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As the demand for high-performing complex systems has increased, the ability of engineers to meet that demand has not kept pace. The creators of the traditional system engineering processes did not anticipate modern complex systems, and the application of traditional processes to complex systems such as spacecraft has repeatedly led to disastrous results. Too often, system safety is considered late in the design process, after much of the design is set. This thesis presents an iterative safety-driven system engineering process to address this problem. The process integrates safety into the design process, ensuring that safety is designed into the system, rather than added on. The techniques used in this process are: I) Intent Specifications, a framework for organizing system development and operational information in a hierarchical structure; 2) the System-Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes (STAMP) model of accident causation, a framework upon which to base powerful safety engineering techniques; 3) STAMP-based Hazard Analysis (STPA) a novel hazard analysis technique; and 4) SpecTRM-Requirements Language (SpecTRM-RL), a formal modeling language. Intent Specification is used to document the design with complete traceability from system goals, requirements, and constraints to the operational design and software code. The STAMP framework is used to apply concepts from control theory to system engineering. STPA is used to identify hazards and eliminate them or mitigate their effects to ensure a safe system design. Finally, SpecTRM-RL is used to create the blackbox behavior models. An example of this process applied to an outer moon exploration mission is presented (in the form of an intent specification) and discussed. The specification focuses on the design of the control system and functionality of the scientific instruments, while also including a high-level design of the entire spacecraft. The application of the process described in this thesis demonstrates that design decisions are safety-driven, and that the results of the hazard analysis are integrated into all aspects of the design.

Systems Engineering and Safety

Systems Engineering and Safety
Author: Peter J. Glismann
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 135
Release: 2013-05-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1466552123
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Enhancing awareness of the interdependence of systems engineering and safety, Systems Engineering and Safety: Building the Bridge covers systems engineering methodology, safety tools, and the management needed to build the bridge between these two disciplines. It underscores the relationship between the disciplines and how understanding the relationship can benefit your organization and industry. The book lays out the purpose of the methodology of systems engineering and the tools of safety. It identifies the importance of management and the culture, commitment, communication, and coordination that management must provide. The author describes the systems engineering methodology: the lifecycle, processes, and management and the technical processes that systems engineers and safety professionals must be familiar with. He merges management, systems engineering, and safety into the lifecycle through project processes. Using real-world examples, he also examines the roles and responsibilities of management, and a breakdown theory of safety in the management processes: The Glismann Effect. The strength of this book is that it can be read, understood, and hopefully acted upon by the chief executive officer of a corporation, right down to the line manager of systems engineering or the subject matter expert in the safety department. This value can be measured in cost savings, be it in the form of human, social, or financial capital.

Systems Engineering and Safety

Systems Engineering and Safety
Author: Peter Glismann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:
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Enhancing awareness of the interdependence of systems engineering and safety, Systems Engineering and Safety: Building the Bridge covers systems engineering methodology, safety tools, and the management needed to build the bridge between these two disciplines. It underscores the relationship between the disciplines and how understanding the relationship can benefit your organization and industry. The book lays out the purpose of the methodology of systems engineering and the tools of safety. It identifies the importance of management and the culture, commitment, communication, and coordination that management must provide. The author describes the systems engineering methodology: the lifecycle, processes, and management and the technical processes that systems engineers and safety professionals must be familiar with. He merges management, systems engineering, and safety into the lifecycle through project processes. Using real-world examples, he also examines the roles and responsibilities of management, and a breakdown theory of safety in the management processes: The Glismann Effect. The strength of this book is that it can be read, understood, and hopefully acted upon by the chief executive officer of a corporation, right down to the line manager of systems engineering or the subject matter expert in the safety department. This value can be measured in cost savings, be it in the form of human, social, or financial capital.

Design for Safety

Design for Safety
Author: Louis J. Gullo
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 532
Release: 2018-02-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1118974298
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A one-stop reference guide to design for safety principles and applications Design for Safety (DfSa) provides design engineers and engineering managers with a range of tools and techniques for incorporating safety into the design process for complex systems. It explains how to design for maximum safe conditions and minimum risk of accidents. The book covers safety design practices, which will result in improved safety, fewer accidents, and substantial savings in life cycle costs for producers and users. Readers who apply DfSa principles can expect to have a dramatic improvement in the ability to compete in global markets. They will also find a wealth of design practices not covered in typical engineering books—allowing them to think outside the box when developing safety requirements. Design Safety is already a high demand field due to its importance to system design and will be even more vital for engineers in multiple design disciplines as more systems become increasingly complex and liabilities increase. Therefore, risk mitigation methods to design systems with safety features are becoming more important. Designing systems for safety has been a high priority for many safety-critical systems—especially in the aerospace and military industries. However, with the expansion of technological innovations into other market places, industries that had not previously considered safety design requirements are now using the technology in applications. Design for Safety: Covers trending topics and the latest technologies Provides ten paradigms for managing and designing systems for safety and uses them as guiding themes throughout the book Logically defines the parameters and concepts, sets the safety program and requirements, covers basic methodologies, investigates lessons from history, and addresses specialty topics within the topic of Design for Safety (DfSa) Supplements other books in the series on Quality and Reliability Engineering Design for Safety is an ideal book for new and experienced engineers and managers who are involved with design, testing, and maintenance of safety critical applications. It is also helpful for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in engineering. Design for Safety is the second in a series of “Design for” books. Design for Reliability was the first in the series with more planned for the future.

System Safety Engineering and Management

System Safety Engineering and Management
Author: Harold E. Roland
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Total Pages: 392
Release: 1990-10-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:
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Comprehensive in scope, it describes the process of system safety--from the creation and management of a safety program on a system under development to the analysis that must be performed as this system is designed and produced to assure acceptable risk in its operation. Unique in its coverage, it is the only work on this subject that combines full descriptions of the management and analysis processes and procedures in one handy volume. Designed for both system safety managers and engineers, it incorporates the safety procedures used by the Department of Defense and NASA and explains basic statistical methods and network analysis methods which provide an understanding of the engineering analysis methods that follow.

Engineering a Safer World

Engineering a Safer World
Author: Nancy G. Leveson
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 555
Release: 2012-01-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0262297302
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A new approach to safety, based on systems thinking, that is more effective, less costly, and easier to use than current techniques. Engineering has experienced a technological revolution, but the basic engineering techniques applied in safety and reliability engineering, created in a simpler, analog world, have changed very little over the years. In this groundbreaking book, Nancy Leveson proposes a new approach to safety—more suited to today's complex, sociotechnical, software-intensive world—based on modern systems thinking and systems theory. Revisiting and updating ideas pioneered by 1950s aerospace engineers in their System Safety concept, and testing her new model extensively on real-world examples, Leveson has created a new approach to safety that is more effective, less expensive, and easier to use than current techniques. Arguing that traditional models of causality are inadequate, Leveson presents a new, extended model of causation (Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes, or STAMP), then shows how the new model can be used to create techniques for system safety engineering, including accident analysis, hazard analysis, system design, safety in operations, and management of safety-critical systems. She applies the new techniques to real-world events including the friendly-fire loss of a U.S. Blackhawk helicopter in the first Gulf War; the Vioxx recall; the U.S. Navy SUBSAFE program; and the bacterial contamination of a public water supply in a Canadian town. Leveson's approach is relevant even beyond safety engineering, offering techniques for “reengineering” any large sociotechnical system to improve safety and manage risk.

The Role of ISO 26262

The Role of ISO 26262
Author: Juan Pimentel
Publisher: SAE International
Total Pages: 201
Release: 2019-03-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0768002745
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Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. The Role of ISO 26262 addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the use of SysML language in a management-based approach to safety As the fourth title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.

Automotive Systems and Software Engineering

Automotive Systems and Software Engineering
Author: Yanja Dajsuren
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 367
Release: 2019-07-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030121577
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This book presents the state of the art, challenges and future trends in automotive software engineering. The amount of automotive software has grown from just a few lines of code in the 1970s to millions of lines in today’s cars. And this trend seems destined to continue in the years to come, considering all the innovations in electric/hybrid, autonomous, and connected cars. Yet there are also concerns related to onboard software, such as security, robustness, and trust. This book covers all essential aspects of the field. After a general introduction to the topic, it addresses automotive software development, automotive software reuse, E/E architectures and safety, C-ITS and security, and future trends. The specific topics discussed include requirements engineering for embedded software systems, tools and methods used in the automotive industry, software product lines, architectural frameworks, various related ISO standards, functional safety and safety cases, cooperative intelligent transportation systems, autonomous vehicles, and security and privacy issues. The intended audience includes researchers from academia who want to learn what the fundamental challenges are and how they are being tackled in the industry, and practitioners looking for cutting-edge academic findings. Although the book is not written as lecture notes, it can also be used in advanced master’s-level courses on software and system engineering. The book also includes a number of case studies that can be used for student projects.

Data Driven System Engineering

Data Driven System Engineering
Author: James Wen
Publisher: James Wen
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2022-02-04
Genre: Computers
ISBN:
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This book provides full scope of automotive ECU development activities including cybersecurity and safety plus SOTIF. Every computing system has two, and only two attributes: Data Value and Data timing, which represent fully the system functionalities from the system external behavior point of view. The data driven system engineering is the approach to develop the system by focusing on the two attributes mentioned above, in which, the data values are derived by the system operation concept design, and the data timing is derived by the system latency design. Based on which, this book provides a full range of system and software engineering development activities: Requirement Elicitation Requirement Engineering System and Software Architecture Design System Operation Concept Design System and Software Structure Design Electronic Architect Design Functionality Allocation Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Safety including SOTIF Cybersecurity (full compliant with UN ECE 155/156) System and software Verification System and Software Integration and Verification System and Software Black Box Verification each of which has its own clearly defined scope and approach, which is different from the conventional development, in some cases even different from some ISO standards, for example: Safety Development: the safety requirements for every part in a vehicle are cascaded from the vehicle safety requirements, which is different from the Concept Phase in the Part 3 of ISO 26262, and the functional safety development will be fully covered by (1) Reliability (2) Availability (3) Quality. Error Detection and Protection: there are only two types of errors to be detected in a computing system: Data Value error and Data Timing error, to detect which, there are only two aspects to be considered: (1) input data (2) middle data and output data in addition to the platform error detection. The approaches of detection and protection include (1) data transfer protocol check, (2) data range and reasonable value check, (3) execution time check and control. FMEA: this book provides the optimized approach by following the data relationships between the input data, middle data and output data, which will be both inductive and deductive, and re-use the system operation concept that is built at the system development first phase, to make the development efficient. Cybersecurity: this book provides the full solution to cover the UN ECE 155 by implementing three aspects: (1) Trusted contents in the ECU (2) Authenticated access to the ECU (3) Authenticated communication with the ECU. Requirement Engineering: This book makes the goal and scope of requirement engineering in the computing system development specific, accurate and measurable by defining the scope as: the requirement engineering is to use the computer executable information to describe the system under development which consists only two types of information: Signal and Test Case, and defining the requirement quality measurement as: (1) Signals, either input or output signals, shall be computer readable. (2) Test cases shall be executable in the system. System Architecture Design: The goal of system architecture design is to provide the platform that transfers and transforms the input signal to become the required output signal via some middle data. This book introduces the following system functional modulizations based on the AUTOSAR that satisfies a generic automotive ECU structure: (1) Feature Function (2) Diagnostic Service (3) Cybersecurity Function (4) Serial Signal Manager (5) Application Mode Manager (6) AUTOSAR, and based on the characteristics of those functions, the book provides the approach to design the electronic architecture and allocate the functions to the architecture.

Assurance Technologies Principles and Practices

Assurance Technologies Principles and Practices
Author: Dev G. Raheja
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 494
Release: 2006-06-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0470009411
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The Second Edition features new content, examples,methods, techniques, and best practices Assurance Technologies Principles and Practices is based on the assertion that safety is not a cost, but an excellent investment. According to the authors, more than sixty percent of problems in complex systems arise from incomplete, vague, and poorly written specifications. In keeping with the authors' passion for safety, the text is dedicated to uniting the gamut of disciplines that are essential for effective design applying assurance technology principles, including system safety, reliability, maintainability, human engineering, quality, logistics, software integrity, and system integration. Readers familiar with the first edition of this text will recognize all the hallmarks that have made it a classic in its field. The Second Edition features a host of new examples, methods, techniques, and best practices to bring the text fully up to date with the state of the art in assurance technology. Much new content has been added as well, including four new chapters: Managing Safety-Related Risks Statistical Concepts, Loss Analysis, and Safety-Related Applications Models, Concepts, and Examples: Applying Scenario-Driven Hazard Analysis Automation, Computer, and Software Complexities The text begins with an introduction and overview of assurance technology. Next, readers are provided with fundamental statistical concepts. The chapters that follow explore in depth the approaches and disciplines that make up assurance technology applications. Each chapter is organized into major phases-design, manufacturing, test, and use phase-that help readers understand both how and when to apply particular measures. Throughout the text, readers discover detailed examples that prepare them to manage real-world challenges. References and further reading are provided at the end of each chapter leading to more in-depth discussion on specialized topics. With its extensive use of examples and highly structured approach, this is an excellent course book for students in industrial engineering, systems engineering, risk engineering, and other assurance technology domains. Design and system engineers as well as safety professionals will find the material essential in troubleshooting complex projects and ensuring product, process, and system safety.