Rural Urban Food Nutrient And Virtual Water Flows In Selected West African Cities PDF Download
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| Author | : Drechsel, Pay, Graefe, S., Fink, M. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 39 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Food consumption |
| ISBN | : 9290906693 |
Download Rural-urban food, nutrient and virtual water flows in selected West African cities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Impacts of increasing population pressure on food demand and land and water resources have sparked interest in nutrient and water balances and flows at a range of scales. In IWMI Research Report 115, it was tried for the first time to quantify rural-urban food flows for selected cities in Ghana and Burkina Faso to analyse their dependency on food supplied from rural vs. peri-urban vs. urban farming. Both, the urban nutrient and water footprints are closely interlinked. Currently, 80-95 percent of the domestic water used and the nutrients consumed go to waste without treatment or resource recovery. The economic dimensions are significant. Options to reduce the environmental burden by closing the rural-urban water and nutrient cycles are discussed.
| Author | : Saleth, Rathinasamy Maria, Dinar, A., Neubert, S., Kamaiah, B., Manoharan, S., Abayawardana, Sarath, Ariyaratne, Ranjith, de Silva, S. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 46 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Food security |
| ISBN | : 9290906863 |
Download Institutions, impact synergies and food security: a methodology with results from the Kala Oya Basin, Sri Lanka Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The success of development programs depends on the role of underlying institutions and the impact synergies from closely related programs. Existing literature has limitations in accounting for these critical factors. This paper fills this gap by developing a methodology, which can quantify both the institutional roles in impact generation and the impact synergies from related programs. The methodology is applied to the Kala Oya Basin in Sri Lanka for evaluating the impacts of three development programs and 11 institutions on food security. The results provide valuable insights on the relative roles of institutions and the varying flow of impact synergies both within and across impact pathways.
| Author | : Namara, Regassa E. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 2011-06-27 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9290907398 |
Download Typology of irrigation systems in Ghana Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Interest in African irrigation investment is growing. However, irrigation is not a monolithic concept, and the opportunities and risks can vary substantially by approach. To help provide an understanding of the variation, this paper builds on previous work to provide a detailed typology of irrigation systems as currently used in Ghana.
| Author | : McCartney, Matthew P., Arranz, Roberto |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 51 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Olifants River Watershed (South Africa) |
| ISBN | : 9290906723 |
Download Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Water resource development has played a significant role in the expansion of agriculture and industry in the Olifants River Catchment. However, currently water deficit is one of the major constraints hampering development in the catchment; both the mining and agricultural sectors are producing below optimal levels because of their reliance on insufficient supplies. In this study, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used to evaluate scenarios of historic, current and future water demand in the catchment. For each scenario, the WEAP model was used to simulate demand in five different sectors (rural, urban, mining, commercial forestry and irrigation) over a 70-year period of varying rainfall and hydrology. Levels of assured supply were estimated for each sector and the economic cost of failing to provide water was predicted. For the future scenarios, the impact of infrastructure development and water conservation measures were assessed. The study illustrates how a relatively simple model can provide useful insight for resource planning and management.
| Author | : McCartney, Matthew P., Lankford, B. A., Mahoo, H. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Water-supply, Agricultural |
| ISBN | : 9290906707 |
Download Agricultural water management in a water stressed catchment: Lessons from the RIPARWIN Project Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In the face of growing water stress and increasing concerns over the sustainability of water use, Tanzania has, in common with many other countries in Africa, focused largely on the development of more integrated catchment-wide approaches to water management. In the Great Ruaha River Basin, considerable effort has gone into increasing water productivity and the promotion of mechanisms for more efficient allocation of water resources. Over a period of five years, the RIPARWIN project investigated water management in the basin and evaluated the effectiveness of some of the mechanisms that have been introduced. The study findings are relevant to basins in developing countries where there is competition for water and irrigation is one of the main uses.
| Author | : Smakhtin, Vladimir, Gamage, Nilantha, Bharati, Luna |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Krishna River Watershed (India) |
| ISBN | : 9290906820 |
Download Hydrological and environmental issues of interbasin water transfers in India: a case of the Krishna River Basin Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study attempts to examine those unique aspects of interbasin water transfer planning, which are of critical importance to the sustainable water resources development in India. It focuses on the crucial aspect of accurate quantification of surface water availability, which determines the entire feasibility of a water transfer. It also illustrates the impacts of upstream water resources development on the deltas’ environment thus justifying the deltas’ environmental flow requirements. The report targets government departments, research institutions and NGOs – primarily in India and other countries of the region – which are engaged or interested in issues of interbasin water transfer and environmental water management. The research intends to: contribute to the effectiveness of water resources planning and management in India; emphasize the need for urgent improvement of access to hydrometeorological data in the country; and aim to stimulate further debate on water transfers.
| Author | : Amarasinghe, Upali, Shah, Tushaar, Turral, Hugh, Anand, B. K. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 52 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Water resources development |
| ISBN | : 9290906871 |
Download India's water future to 2025-2050: business-as-usual scenario and deviations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
With a rapidly expanding economy many changes are taking place in India today. The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which assumes the continuation of current trends of key water demand drivers, will meet the future food demand. However, it leads to a severe regional water crisis by 2050, where many river basins will reach closure, will be physically water-scarce and will have regions with severely overexploited groundwater resources. While the alternative scenarios of water demand show both optimistic and pessimistic water futures, the scenario with additional productivity growth is the most optimistic, with significant scope for reducing future water demand.
| Author | : Zomer, Robert J., Bossio, Deborah A., Trabucco, Antonio, Yuanjie, Li, Gupta, Diwan C., Singh, Virendra P. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Agroforestry |
| ISBN | : 9290906855 |
Download Trees and water: smallholder agroforestry on irrigated lands in Northern India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Trees are increasingly grown on-farm to supply wood and biomass needs within developing countries. Over the last several decades, within the irrigated rice-wheat growing lands of northern India, fast-growing poplar trees have been planted on tens of thousands of small farms. Recent debate regarding afforestation has raised the issue that water use is often increased when trees are planted. This ongoing debate focuses primarily on afforestation or reforestation of upland and rain-fed agricultural areas, and off-site impacts such as reduced streamflow. Adoption of poplar agroforestry in northern India, in contrast, is occurring in areas where land and water are already intensively used and managed for agricultural production. This study based on farmer survey data, used remote sensing and spatial hydrological modeling to investigate the importance and role of the poplar trees within the agricultural landscape, and to estimate their water use. Overall, results illustrate a potential for addressing the increasing global demand for wood products with trees grown on-farm within irrigated agroforestry systems.
| Author | : Kim, U., Kaluarachchi, J. J., Smakhtin, V. U. |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Climate change mitigation |
| ISBN | : 9290906960 |
Download Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.
| Author | : Adeoti, Adeoti, Barry, Boubacar, Namara, Regassa, Kamara, Abdul, Titiati, Atsu |
| Publisher | : IWMI |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Feed-water pumps |
| ISBN | : 9290906715 |
Download Treadle pump irrigation and poverty in Ghana Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Treadle pump (TP) technology has been promoted by Enterprise Works Worldwide (EWW) as an alternative to the traditional rope and bucket irrigation that is necessary to overcome the challenge of uncertain and inadequate rainfall for agricultural production. The aim is to improve output, increase incomes and reduce poverty among farm households. This study examines the strategies used for dissemination of the TP and the dynamics of its adoption and impacts, with a special focus on poverty reduction. The results of the study reveal that time and labor savings for irrigation, increased size of irrigated areas and lack of fuel requirements are the attractive features of the TP for those who adopt it. Adoption of TP increases land and labor productivities; and also net farm incomes. The study also demonstrates that adoption of the TP reduces poverty.
