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Romania's Holy War

Romania's Holy War
Author: Grant T. Harward
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Total Pages: 359
Release: 2021-11-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1501759973

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Romania's Holy War rights the widespread myth that Romania was a reluctant member of the Axis during World War II. In correcting this fallacy, Grant T. Harward shows that, of an estimated 300,000 Jews who perished in Romania and Romanian-occupied Ukraine, more than 64,000 were, in fact, killed by Romanian soldiers. Moreover, the Romanian Army conducted a brutal campaign in German-occupied Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war, partisans, and civilians. Investigating why Romanian soldiers fought and committed such atrocities, Harward argues that strong ideology—a cocktail of nationalism, religion, antisemitism, and anticommunism—undergirded their motivation. Romania's Holy War draws on official military records, wartime periodicals, soldiers' diaries and memoirs, subsequent war crimes investigations, and recent interviews with veterans to tell the full story. Harward integrates the Holocaust into the narrative of military operations to show that most soldiers fully supported the wartime dictator, General Ion Antonescu, and his regime's holy war against "Judeo-Bolshevism." The army perpetrated mass reprisals, targeting Jews in liberated Romanian territory; supported the deportation and concentration of Jews in camps or ghettos in Romanian-occupied Soviet territory; and played a key supporting role in SS efforts to exterminate Jews in German-occupied Soviet territory. Harward proves that Romania became Nazi Germany's most important ally in the war against the USSR because its soldiers were highly motivated, thus overturning much of what we thought we knew about this theater of war. Romania's Holy War provides the first complete history of why Romanian soldiers fought on the Eastern Front.


The Romanian Battlefront in World War I

The Romanian Battlefront in World War I
Author: Glenn E. Torrey
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2014-08-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0700620176

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Despite a strategically vulnerable position, an ill-prepared army, and questionable promises of military support from the Allied Powers, Romania intervened in World War I in August 1916. In return, it received the Allies' formal sanction for the annexation of the Romanian-inhabited regions of Austria-Hungary. As Glenn Torrey reveals in his pathbreaking study, this soon appeared to have been an impulsive and risky decision for both parties. Torrey details how, by the end of 1916, the armies of the Central Powers, led by German generals Falkenhayn and Mackensen, had administered a crushing defeat and occupied two-thirds of Romanian territory, but at the cost of diverting substantial military forces they needed on other fronts. The Allies, especially the Russians, were forced to do likewise in order to prevent Romania from collapsing completely. Torrey presents the most authoritative account yet of the heavy fighting during the 1916 campaign and of the renewed attempt by Austro-German forces, including the elite Alpine Corps, to subdue the Romanian Army in the summer of 1917. This latter campaign, highlighted here but ignored in non-Romanian accounts, witnessed reorganized and rearmed Romanian soldiers, with help from a disintegrating Russian Army, administer a stunning defeat of their enemies. However, as Torrey also shows, amidst the chaos of the Russian Revolution the Central Powers forced Romania to sign a separate peace early in 1918. Ultimately, this allowed the Romanian Army to reenter the war and occupy the majority of the territory promised in 1916. Torrey's unparalleled familiarity with archival and secondary sources and his long experience with the subject give authority and balance to his account of the military, strategic, diplomatic, and political events on both sides of the battlefront. In addition, his use of personal memoirs provides vivid insights into the human side of the war. Major military leaders in the Second World War, especially Ion Antonescu and Erwin Rommel, made their careers during the First World War and play a prominent role in his book. Torrey's study fosters a genuinely new appreciation and understanding of a long-neglected aspect of World War I that influenced not only the war itself but the peace settlement that followed and, in fact, continues today.


The Romanian Army of World War II

The Romanian Army of World War II
Author: Mark Axworthy
Publisher: Osprey Publishing
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1992-03-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781855321694

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Although Romania had fought for the Allies in World War I with the fall of her allies the Czechs and the French mid-1940 she was forced to join the Axis. A coalition government was formed under General Antonescue who proved to be one of Germany's most effective military allies. The Romanian army saw extensive action and suffered terrible losses in operation Odessa and at Stalingrad. By 1944 the Soviets were within the Romanian borders and the King sued for peace. Romania's defection significantly accelerated the end of World War II. Her natural resources were now denied to Germany and her forces constituted the fourth largest Allied army. this book details the uniforms, equipment and unit organisation of the Romanian army during the entire conflict.


A Satellite Empire

A Satellite Empire
Author: Vladimir Solonari
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Total Pages: 247
Release: 2019-12-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 1501743201

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Satellite Empire is an in-depth investigation of the political and social history of the area in southwestern Ukraine under Romanian occupation during World War II. Transnistria was the only occupied Soviet territory administered by a power other than Nazi Germany, a reward for Romanian participation in Operation Barbarossa. Vladimir Solonari's invaluable contribution to World War II history focuses on three main aspects of Romanian rule of Transnistria: with fascinating insights from recently opened archives, Solonari examines the conquest and delimitation of the region, the Romanian administration of the new territory, and how locals responded to the occupation. What did Romania want from the conquest? The first section of the book analyzes Romanian policy aims and its participation in the invasion of the USSR. Solonari then traces how Romanian administrators attempted, in contradictory and inconsistent ways, to make Transnistria "Romanian" and "civilized" while simultaneously using it as a dumping ground for 150,000 Jews and 20,000 Roma deported from a racially cleansed Romania. The author shows that the imperatives of total war eventually prioritized economic exploitation of the region over any other aims the Romanians may have had. In the final section, he uncovers local responses in terms of collaboration and resistance, in particular exploring relationships with the local Christian population, which initially welcomed the occupiers as liberators from Soviet oppression but eventually became hostile to them. Ever increasing hostility towards the occupying regime buoyed the numbers and efficacy of pro-Soviet resistance groups.


Prelude to Blitzkrieg

Prelude to Blitzkrieg
Author: Michael B. Barrett
Publisher: Indiana University Press
Total Pages: 426
Release: 2013-10-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 0253008700

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An authoritative study of World War I’s often-overlooked Romanian front. In contrast to the trench-war deadlock on the Western Front, combat in Romania and Transylvania in 1916 foreshadowed the lightning warfare of World War II. When Romania joined the Allies and invaded Transylvania without warning, the Germans responded by unleashing a campaign of bold, rapid infantry movements, with cavalry providing cover or pursuing the crushed foe. Hitting where least expected and advancing before the Romanians could react―even bombing their capital from a Zeppelin soon after war was declared―the Germans and Austrians poured over the formidable Transylvanian Alps onto the plains of Walachia, rolling up the Romanian army from west to east, and driving the shattered remnants into Russia. Prelude to Blitzkrieg tells the story of this largely ignored campaign to determine why it did not devolve into the mud and misery of trench warfare, so ubiquitous elsewhere. “This work will stand as the definitive study of the Central Powers part of the campaign for some time to come.” —Journal of Military History “Barnett’s book is a valuable addition to the field. He writes well and with authority. He has been able to illuminate a little-known corner of the First World War and provide a state-of-the-art operational history combining detailed narrative with prescient analysis.” —American Historical Review


The Organization and Order or Battle of Militaries in World War Ii

The Organization and Order or Battle of Militaries in World War Ii
Author: Charles D. Pettibone
Publisher: Trafford Publishing
Total Pages: 507
Release: 2012-01-16
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 1466903511

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There are numerous Order of Battle books on the market. So what makes this one so special? Why should one decide on this particular book? Most Order of Battle books usually deal only at the division and corps level of a countrys army. Most higher commands are not covered. This book deals with all the branches of a countrys military, giving a breakdown of all the major echelons of command, from theater down to brigade, under each component (army group, armies, corps, division, and brigade), and the equivalent command for the other military branches are included. Second, it attempts to give an overall command structure of the countrys military, showing the central headquarters command structure as well as the major components (army groups, armies, corps, etc.). Third, most Order of Battle books list the commander and their dates of tenure. This one includes those but also lists their next duty assignments or where they went after leaving the post. One can literally trace a general officers career through the upper echelons of command, making this series completely different from all the others on the market.


Monte Cassino

Monte Cassino
Author: Matthew Parker
Publisher: Anchor
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2004-06-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0385513399

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Monte Cassino is the true story of one of the bitterest and bloodiest of the Allied struggles against the Nazi army. Long neglected by historians, the horrific conflict saw over 350,000 casualties, while the worst winter in Italian memory and official incompetence and backbiting only worsened the carnage and turmoil. Combining groundbreaking research in military archives with interviews with four hundred survivors from both sides, as well as soldier diaries and letters, Monte Cassino is both profoundly evocative and historically definitive. Clearly and precisely, Matthew Parker brilliantly reconstructs Europe’s largest land battle–which saw the destruction of the ancient monastery of Monte Cassino–and dramatically conveys the heroism and misery of the human face of war.


Romanian Armored Forces in World War II

Romanian Armored Forces in World War II
Author: Eduardo Martinez
Publisher: Library of Armoed Conflicts
Total Pages:
Release: 2018-09-19
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 9788395157530

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This text tries to remember the performance of the often forgotten Romanian Armored Forces during the World War 2. We have written a text that will show us the bravery and courage of these men, as well as the difficult choice they had to make when Romania changed sides. We want to compile in a didactic way but without academic intention, the information about this topic from various sources such as Mark Axworthy, Mihai T. Filipescu, Patrick Cloutier, Dragos Pusca and Victor Nitu, trying to focus on the Romanian Armored Forces diverse actions during the world conflict both in the Axis and together with the USSR.