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RNA, the Epicenter of Genetic Information

RNA, the Epicenter of Genetic Information
Author: John Mattick
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 879
Release: 2022-09-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1000623114
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The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate history. This book documents the many advances, as well as the prejudices and founder fallacies. It highlights the premature relegation of RNA to simply an intermediate between gene and protein, the underestimation of the amount of information required to program the development of multicellular organisms, and the dawning realization that RNA is the cornerstone of cell biology, development, brain function and probably evolution itself. Key personalities, their hubris as well as prescient predictions are richly illustrated with quotes, archival material, photographs, diagrams and references to bring the people, ideas and discoveries to life, from the conceptual cradles of molecular biology to the current revolution in the understanding of genetic information. Key Features Documents the confused early history of DNA, RNA and proteins - a transformative history of molecular biology like no other. Integrates the influences of biochemistry and genetics on the landscape of molecular biology. Chronicles the important discoveries, preconceptions and misconceptions that retarded or misdirected progress. Highlights major pioneers and contributors to molecular biology, with a focus on RNA and noncoding DNA. Summarizes the mounting evidence for the central roles of non-protein-coding RNA in cell and developmental biology. Provides a thought-provoking retrospective and forward-looking perspective for advanced students and professional researchers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

RNA - a Genetic Messenger

RNA - a Genetic Messenger
Author: Edited by T. M. Jefferson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 506
Release: 2016-05-30
Genre:
ISBN: 9781533541840
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function wherein mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) then links amino acids together to form proteins.This book gives a comprehensive overview of the various functions of RNA.

DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA
Author: Jenny Chen
Publisher: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
Total Pages: 130
Release: 2016-07-15
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 1502619555
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DNA and RNA explores Friedrich Miescher's major scientific discovery in 1944 when he isolated DNA for the first time, forever changing our understanding of the building blocks of the human body. The book looks at Miescher's path to isolating DNA and the ways that his work influenced James Watson and Francis Crick, who discovered the double helix in 1957. DNA and RNA describes the many ways that these discoveries are relevant to our lives, as well as the numerous ethical implications of the discoveries.

RNA

RNA
Author: Henrik Nielsen
Publisher: Humana Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2017-04-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781493956432
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Recent insight into the transcripts generated from the mammalian genome (i.e. the transcriptome) has revealed that transcription is a far more complex phenomenon than previously thought. In RNA: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers provide the procedures and methods used to describe the structure of messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs that are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as the immediate gene products in mammalian cells. Focused on the structure of the RNA products of “gene X” and the mapping of proteins associated with these RNAs, the volume presents appropriate information for non-specialists in RNA biology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, many chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and practical, RNA: Methods and Protocols views the transcriptional landscape with an appreciation for the role that proteins play in the processing and interpretation of genetic information in an attempt to further our crucial knowledge of the many products and sophisticated regulatory networks that result from it.

Inside DNA and RNA

Inside DNA and RNA
Author: Howard Phillips
Publisher: 'The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc'
Total Pages: 82
Release: 2021-12-15
Genre: Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN: 1499470398
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Cells are the basic units of life, but within them are even smaller structures that act as the machinery that keeps us alive. This include the key molecules in cellular biology, deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid—better known as DNA and RNA. These teammates have essential jobs and they work together to make life possible. DNA stores and transfers genetic information, while RNA codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger in the making of proteins. This enlightening book erases much of the mystique surrounding the science of genetics, thanks to thorough explanations of DNA and RNA at work within the body. Numerous diagrams help make this potentially difficult topic more accessible.

Molecular Biology of RNA

Molecular Biology of RNA
Author: David Elliott
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 445
Release: 2017-01-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 019107103X
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RNA plays a central, and until recently, somewhat underestimated role in the genetics underlying all forms of life on earth. This versatile molecule not only plays a crucial part in the synthesis of proteins from a DNA template, but is also intrinsically involved in the regulation of gene expression, and can even act as a catalyst in the form of a ribozyme. This latter property has led to the hypothesis that RNA - rather than DNA - could have played an essential part in the origin of life itself. This landmark text provides a systematic overview of the exciting and rapidly moving field of RNA biology. Key pioneering experiments, which provided the underlying evidence for what we now know, are described throughout, while the relevance of the subject to human disease is highlighted via frequent boxes. For the second edition of Molecular Biology of RNA, more introductory material has been incorporated at the beginning of the text, to aid students studying the subject for the first time. Throughout the text, new material has been included - particularly in relation to RNA binding domains, non-coding RNAs, and the connection between RNA biology and epigenetics. Finally, a new closing chapter discusses how exciting new technologies are being used to explore current topical areas of research.

RNA Worlds: New Tools for Deep Exploration

RNA Worlds: New Tools for Deep Exploration
Author: Thomas R. Cech
Publisher:
Total Pages: 580
Release: 2018-12-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781621822240
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"A Subject Collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology."

Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer

Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer
Author: Pier Paolo Piccaluga
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2024-04-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1837694346
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Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, is an innovative approach to medical treatment and diagnosis that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. In the context of cancer, precision medicine aims to tailor medical care to the specific genetic and molecular characteristics of each patient's tumor. This allows for more targeted and effective treatments, minimizing side effects and improving outcomes. The first step in precision medicine, especially in oncology, is represented by an accurate diagnosis, including molecular and genetic data. A comprehensive assessment in molecular pathology includes conventional and more innovative techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing for genomic profiling. Precision medicine relies on the analysis of the patient's genomic information, including the DNA mutations present in their tumor. Genomic profiling helps identify specific genetic alterations that are driving the growth of cancer cells. This information is crucial for selecting targeted therapies that directly interfere with these specific molecular abnormalities. In addition, molecular diagnostics provide: • biomarker identification • tumor heterogeneity assessment In turn, this translates into direct treatment decision support. The information obtained through molecular tests guides oncologists in making more informed decisions about the most appropriate treatments for individual patients. This can include targeted therapies, immunotherapies, or other interventions based on the specific molecular profile of the tumor. Prognostication becomes treatment-specific (prediction) and predictive models can be developed by integrating genetic and molecular data with clinical information, to estimate the likelihood of treatment response, recurrence, and overall prognosis. Overall, molecular pathology has significantly advanced cancer diagnostics and treatment, leading to improved outcomes and a shift toward more personalized and effective care. The integration of molecular diagnostics and genomic information has transformed how cancer is understood and managed, offering new hope for patients and providing oncologists with powerful tools to combat the complexity of the disease.