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Revitalising Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods

Revitalising Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods
Author: Colin C. Williams
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2017-03-02
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1351903314

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Governments in Western Europe and North America have placed job creation initiatives at the heart of their policy for revitalizing deprived neighbourhoods. However, relying on this alone is problematic and these governments are becoming increasingly interested in finding ways of enabling communities to help themselves. Drawing upon original, in-depth studies of self-help activities in both deprived and affluent neighbourhoods in UK cities, this book examines why the populations of deprived neighbourhoods are more likely to be excluded not only from the labour market but also from adopting self-help practices in response to their situation. It also identifies the barriers which discourage participation in self-help projects. A combination of policies are advocated, bringing together innovative bottom-up initiatives such as LETS, time currencies and Employee Mutuals, with top-down policies such as Active Citizens’ Credits. This book instead suggests a fresh and positive approach towards revitalizing deprived neighbourhoods based on seeking the full-engagement, rather than merely the full-employment, of deprived populations.


Urban Revitalization

Urban Revitalization
Author: Carl Grodach
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 259
Release: 2015-12-22
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 1317912020

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Following decades of neglect and decline, many US cities have undergone a dramatic renaissance. From New York to Nashville and Pittsburgh to Portland governments have implemented innovative redevelopment strategies to adapt to a globally integrated, post-industrial economy and cope with declining industries, tax bases, and populations. However, despite the prominence of new amenities in revitalized neighborhoods, spectacular architectural icons, and pedestrian friendly entertainment districts, the urban comeback has been highly uneven. Even thriving cities are defined by a bifurcated population of creative class professionals and a low-wage, low-skilled workforce. Many are home to diverse and thriving immigrant communities, but also contain economically and socially segregated neighborhoods. They have transformed high-profile central city brownfields, but many disadvantaged neighborhoods continue to grapple with abandoned and environmentally contaminated sites. As urban cores boom, inner-ring suburban areas increasingly face mounting problems, while other shrinking cities continue to wrestle with long-term decline. The Great Recession brought additional challenges to planning and development professionals and community organizations alike as they work to maintain successes and respond to new problems. It is crucial that students of urban revitalization recognize these challenges, their impacts on different populations, and the implications for crafting effective and equitable revitalization policy. Urban Revitalization: Remaking Cities in a Changing World will be a guide in this learning process. This textbook will be the first to comprehensively and critically synthesize the successful approaches and pressing challenges involved in urban revitalization. The book is divided into five sections. In the introductory section, we set the stage by providing a conceptual framework to understand urban revitalization that links a political economy perspective with an appreciation of socio-cultural factors in explaining urban change. Stemming from this, we will explain the significance of revitalization and present a summary of the key debates, issues and conflicts surrounding revitalization efforts. Section II will examine the historical causes for decline in central city and inner-ring suburban areas and shrinking cities and, building from the conceptual framework, discuss theory useful to explain the factors that shape contemporary revitalization initiatives and outcomes. Section III will introduce students to the analytical techniques and key data sources for urban revitalization planning. Section IV will provide an in-depth, criticaldiscussion of contemporary urban revitalization policies, strategies, and projects. This section will offer a rich set of case studies that contextualize key themes and strategic areas across a range of contexts including the urban core, central city neighborhoods, suburban areas, and shrinking cities. Lastly, Section V concludes by reflecting on the current state of urban revitalization planning and the emerging challenges the field must face in the future. Urban Revitalization will integrate academic and policy research with professional knowledge and techniques. Its key strength will be the combination of a critical examination of best practices and innovative approaches with an overview of the methods used to understand local situations and urban revitalization processes. A unique feature will be chapter-specific case studies of contemporary urban revitalization projects and questions geared toward generatingclassroom discussion around key issues. The book will be written in an accessible style and thoughtfully organized to provide graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with a comprehensive resource that will also serve as a reference guide for professionals


Understanding Neighborhood Change

Understanding Neighborhood Change
Author: Rolf Goetze
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger Publishing Company
Total Pages: 200
Release: 1979
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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URBAN Success Stories

URBAN Success Stories
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2000
Genre:
ISBN:

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Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China

Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China
Author: Joseph Cho-yam Lau
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2020-03-19
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9811522529

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This book investigates the influence of self-organisation processes on the commuting of the poor workers in urban China. It suggests a new approach to investigate and measure individual access, and it argues that dynamic interactions between individual action and social structure influence individual’s access to transport, which cannot be measured using other traditional accessibility approaches.The overwhelming majority of models in transport research assume that socio-economic factors and the built-environment influence the accessibility of transport for individuals. This book provides evidence that individual decision-makings and actions are also vital factors to bring out changes in accessibility. Further, the study adopts a self-organisation process and structuration theory to illustrate that a significant proportion of travel problems of migrants are rooted in the interaction between actions and social structures. Any change in migrants’ actions or social structures in the self-organisation process would result in the production of complex and spontaneous travel behaviour. The self-organisation approach presented provides a new approach for urban transport planning in the future, particularly on the investigation of the accessibility of disadvantaged social groups. By using the social theories, transport research can have an effect on commuting behaviour and to improve poor workers’ quality of life.


How Can We Tackle Persistent Poverty in Deprived Neighborhoods?

How Can We Tackle Persistent Poverty in Deprived Neighborhoods?
Author: Shinwon Kyung (S.M.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 47
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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Since the late 1980s, there has been a broad consensus in the US and the UK that the persistent concentration of poverty in deprived neighborhoods results in negative area effects on local residents, including low aspirations and benefit dependency cultures. In order to transform the prospects of deprived neighborhoods, the governments in the two countries launched the most ambitious community revitalization programs. In the US, the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) program (1993-2010) was started to transform the nation's worst public housing and in the UK, the New Deal for Communities (NDC) program (1998-2008) was launched to tackle multiple deprivations in the poorest neighborhoods in England. This research attempts to provide useful insights into addressing the problems of deprived neighborhoods in the US and the UK, exploring the HOPE VI and the NDC programs. In order to develop a conceptual framework that delineates the rationale for HOPE VI and NDC, the assumptions and theories around the problems of deprived neighborhoods are reviewed. It then analyses the evidence from existing research on HOPE VI and NDC including academic literature and policy documents to measure the outcomes. It also draws on information from interviews with academics and researchers to elicit their views on both programs. This research finds that on the basis of similar assumptions and theories to identify the causes of problems in deprived neighborhoods, the US and the UK governments took different approaches: 'neighborhood transformation' in HOPE VI and 'neighborhood improvement' in NDC. These different approaches were due to fundamental differences in social efforts designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need. However, it has been observed that the UK government has adopted the US market driven approach and community revitalization policies in the two countries are actually converging and share a common trajectory of change.


'Social Capital' in deprived neighborhoods

'Social Capital' in deprived neighborhoods
Author: Christoph Kraschl
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 18
Release: 2009-01-13
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 3640242319

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Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Sociology - Social System and Social Structure, grade: 8.5 (excellent), University of Amsterdam (International School of Humanities and Social Sciences), course: Social Problems in Urban Areas: Views, Concepts, Theories , language: English, abstract: In this article concepts of social capital in the context of social policies are discussed which focus on neighborhood renewal. First, theories of social capital are illuminated by comparing the concepts of Putnam, Bourdieu and Granovetter. Second, by the example of the German program “Socially Integrative City” (SIC), a recent nationwide strategy (aimed at revitalizing deprived neighborhoods) is analyzed. Which of the aforementioned concepts of social capital (or concept-elements) are implemented in the SIC-initiative? For answering this question key documents that outline the aforementioned policies are reviewed. Policies and objectives of the SIC-initiative which can be related to the three depicted approaches to social capital are identified. In the framework of this analysis there is particular consideration of the ‘sub-concepts’ of social capital: bonding, bridging and linking. With this the author reveals which kinds of social relationships between people and different population-groups are planned to be established. In this context the function of social capital is particularly considered. Finally, after the discussion of recent critiques on social capital theories, these are evaluated with regard to their usefulness for social policies in deprived urban areas.


Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Author: David Grant Pickernell
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2022-01-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1800714505

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This book addresses the lack of current research concerning disadvantage using an entrepreneurial ecosystem lens, and the failure of entrepreneurship policy to widen engagement in entrepreneurship for disadvantaged people and places.


Entrepreneurial Neighbourhoods

Entrepreneurial Neighbourhoods
Author: Maarten van Ham
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2017-07-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1785367242

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Despite the growing evidence on the importance of the neighbourhood, entrepreneurship studies have largely neglected the role of neighbourhoods. This book addresses the nexus between entrepreneurship, neighbourhoods and communities, confirming not only the importance of ‘the local’ in entrepreneurship, but also filling huge gaps in the knowledge base regarding this tripartite relationship.