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Como as democracias morrem

Como as democracias morrem
Author: Steven Levitsky
Publisher: Editora Schwarcz - Companhia das Letras
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2018-09-20
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 8537818054

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Uma análise crua e perturbadora das ameaças às democracias em todo o mundo. Democracias tradicionais entram em colapso? Essa é a questão que Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt – dois conceituados professores de Harvard – respondem ao discutir o modo como a eleição de Donald Trump se tornou possível. Para isso comparam o caso de Trump com exemplos históricos de rompimento da democracia nos últimos cem anos: da ascensão de Hitler e Mussolini nos anos 1930 à atual onda populista de extrema-direita na Europa, passando pelas ditaduras militares da América Latina dos anos 1970. E alertam: a democracia atualmente não termina com uma ruptura violenta nos moldes de uma revolução ou de um golpe militar; agora, a escalada do autoritarismo se dá com o enfraquecimento lento e constante de instituições críticas – como o judiciário e a imprensa – e a erosão gradual de normas políticas de longa data. Sucesso de público e de crítica nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, esta é uma obra fundamental para o momento conturbado que vivemos no Brasil e em boa parte do mundo e um guia indispensável para manter e recuperar democracias ameaçadas. "Talvez o livro mais valioso para a compreensão do fenômeno do ressurgimento do autoritarismo ... Essencial para entender a política atual, e alerta os brasileiros sobre os perigos para a nossa democracia." – Estadão "Abrangente, esclarecedor e assustadoramente oportuno." – The New York Times Book Review "Livraço ... A melhor análise até agora sobre o risco que a eleição de Donald Trump representa para a democracia norte-americana ... [Para o leitor brasileiro] a história parece muito mais familiar do que seria desejável." – Celso Rocha de Barros, Folha de S. Paulo "Levitsky e Ziblatt mostram como as democracias podem entrar em colapso em qualquer lugar – não apenas por meio de golpes violentos, mas, de modo mais comum (e insidioso), através de um deslizamento gradual para o autoritarismo. Um guia lúcido e essencial." – The New York Times "O grande livro político de 2018 até agora." – The Philadelphia Inquirer


Como Morrem as Democracias

Como Morrem as Democracias
Author: Steven Levitsky
Publisher: VOGAIS
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2022-12-02
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9896238243

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Um olhar revelador sobre o fim das democracias em todo o mundo - e um guia para as resgatar. LIVRO FAVORITO DE BARACK OBAMA Um olhar revelador sobre o fim das democracias em todo o mundo e um guia para as resgatar. Bestseller do New York Times A presidência de Donald Trump veio levantar uma questão que muitos nunca pensaram colocar: a democracia norte-americana está em perigo? Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt, ambos professores em Harvard, dedicaram mais de 20 anos ao estudo da queda de democracias na Europa e na América Latina, e acreditam que a resposta para essa pergunta é «sim». As democracias já não se desmoronam mediante uma revolução ou golpe de Estado, caem aos poucos, através do enfraquecimento das instituições fundamentais, como os tribunais e os órgãos de comunicação social, e do desgaste gradual de normas políticas de longa data. Mas nem tudo está perdido. O autoritarismo pode ser revertido. O livro a ler sobre o atual estado da política norte-americana! Apoiados em décadas de pesquisa e apresentando vários exemplos históricos pelo mundo (Hungria, Turquia, Venezuela, Peru, entre outros países), os autores mostram como morrem as democracias e de que modo se poderá salvar a democracia norte-americana. «Impressionante. Uma análise provocante dos paralelismos entre a ascensão de Donald Trump e a queda de outras democracias.» - Kirkus Reviews «Um livro inteligente e profundamente sabedor sobre as maneiras pelas quais a democracia está a ser subvertida em dezenas de países e de maneiras perfeitamente legais.» Fareed Zakaria, CNN «Um livro como este não poderia ter sido escrito há dois anos. Dois estudiosos da política, especialistas no colapso de democracias noutras partes do mundo, usaram esse conhecimento para informar os americanos sobre os perigos que a democracia enfrenta hoje.» Francis Fukuyama, autor de As Origens da Ordem Política e Ordem Política e Decadência Política «Impressionante. Uma análise provocante dos paralelismos entre a ascensão de Donald Trump e a queda de outras democracias.» Kirkus Reviews «Os autores mostram como as democracias entraram em colapso noutros países, não apenas via golpes de Estado violentos mas sobretudo, e de forma insidiosa, através de uma inclinação gradual para o autoritarismo.» The New York Times «Estamos cheios de indignação pública, e do que precisamos desesperadamente é de uma visão sóbria e desapaixonada sobre o atual estado de coisas. É exatamente isso que nos oferecem Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt, dois dos mais respeitados professores dedicados ao estudo das democracias.» The Washington Post «A grande força deste livro reside na rejeição da ideia da excecionalidade da democracia norte-americana. Os autores afirmam que os EUA não estão imunes às tendências que levaram ao colapso da democracia noutras partes do mundo.» Financial Times


Como salvar a democracia

Como salvar a democracia
Author: Steven Levitsky
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-11-17
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9786559791514

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A sequência de Como as democracias morrem é um chamado que põe em alerta todo o mundo democrático. Com prefácio inédito escrito pelos autores especialmente para o público brasileiro. Como salvar a democracia trata de um impasse cujas consequências serão determinantes para o resto do mundo. Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt argumentam que, mesmo com dificuldade, os Estados Unidos estão se movendo em direção a uma democracia multirracial, algo que poucas sociedades já fizeram. Mas a perspectiva de mudança provocou uma reação autoritária que ameaça os próprios fundamentos do sistema político norte-americano. E agora o país enfrenta uma encruzilhada: ou se torna uma democracia multirracial ou não será uma democracia de fato. O problema, dizem os autores, é que a maioria das democracias modernas eliminou instituições obsoletas como câmaras superiores de elite, eleições indiretas e mandato vitalício para juízes; e os Estados Unidos ficaram perigosamente para trás. Pior, sua Constituição torna o país vulnerável a ataques internos, permitindo que minorias partidárias frustrem e até dominem as maiorias populares de forma consistente e tirânica. Com base em uma ampla gama de exemplos — da França dos anos 1930 à Tailândia dos dias de hoje —, os professores de Harvard discutem o papel de agentes e partidos políticos no ataque à democracia e defendem reformas, sugerindo ações para tornar as instituições mais sólidas. “Reformar as instituições deveria estar na agenda política urgente. Isto não basta, no entanto. A solução – aprendida neste livro a partir de outras democracias além dos Estados Unidos – deveria ser tão radical quanto o veneno supremacista que sufoca a democracia americana: fortalecer as maiorias democráticas.” — Thiago Amparo


The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level

The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level
Author: Christof Heyns
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 656
Release: 2021-08-04
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9004480889

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The six main United Nations human rights treaties enjoy almost universal ratification today. Almost 80 per cent of the possible ratifications have been made, and every Member State of the UN has ratified at least one of these treaties. The nearly universal acceptance of the treaties on the formal level, however, does not automatically translate into the norms contained in these documents being made a reality in the lives of the billions of people living in these countries. The treaty system is notoriously weak in terms of international enforcement, and there is a general suspicion that it has had little impact at the domestic level. Mechanisms to improve the international enforcement mechanisms of the six main treaties have been a topic of discussion and research for many years, but the domestic impact of the treaties has never been investigated in a systematic and comprehensive manner. This book constitutes the most ambitious attempt so far to establish the impact of the treaties at the domestic level. The following treaties in 20 United Nations Member States are investigated: the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention Against Torture, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This book reflects the findings of 20 researchers, based in the countries investigated, under the leadership of Professors Christof Heyns and Frans Viljoen of the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, in a study done in co-operation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The influence of the treaties in each of the 20 countries is investigated in respect of its influence on the continuation, legislation, court cases, policies and practices, and the impact of the treaty system in civil society. In an overview chapter by the study leaders based on a comparison of the available data, common trends and patterns are identified, and recommendations about reforms on the national and international level are made. This is a book that should be read by all those interested in the development of the international human rights system.


The Identity of the Constitutional Subject

The Identity of the Constitutional Subject
Author: Michel Rosenfeld
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2009-10-16
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1135253285

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The last fifty years has seen a worldwide trend toward constitutional democracy. But can constitutionalism become truly global? Relying on historical examples of successfully implanted constitutional regimes, ranging from the older experiences in the United States and France to the relatively recent ones in Germany, Spain and South Africa, Michel Rosenfeld sheds light on the range of conditions necessary for the emergence, continuity and adaptability of a viable constitutional identity - citizenship, nationalism, multiculturalism, and human rights being important elements. The Identity of the Constitutional Subject is the first systematic analysis of the concept, drawing on philosophy, psychoanalysis, political theory and law from a comparative perspective to explore the relationship between the ideal of constitutionalism and the need to construct a common constitutional identity that is distinct from national, cultural, ethnic or religious identity. The Identity of the Constitutional Subject will be of interest to students and scholars in law, legal and political philosophy, political science, multicultural studies, international relations and US politics.


Can It Happen Here?

Can It Happen Here?
Author: Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher: HarperCollins
Total Pages: 282
Release: 2018-03-06
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0062696211

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“What makes Trump immune is that he is not a president within the context of a healthy Republican government. He is a cult leader of a movement that has taken over a political party – and he specifically campaigned on a platform of one-man rule. This fact permeates “Can It Happen Here? . . . which concludes, if you read between the lines, that “it” already has.” – New York Times Book Review From New York Times bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein, a compelling collection of essays by the brightest minds in America on authoritarianism. With the election of Donald J. Trump, many people on both the left and right feared that America’s 240-year-old grand experiment in democracy was coming to an end, and that Sinclair Lewis’ satirical novel, It Can’t Happen Here, written during the dark days of the 1930s, could finally be coming true. Is the democratic freedom that the United States symbolizes really secure? Can authoritarianism happen in America? Acclaimed legal scholar, Harvard Professor, and New York Times bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein queried a number of the nation’s leading thinkers. In this thought-provoking collection of essays, these distinguished thinkers and theorists explore the lessons of history, how democracies crumble, how propaganda works, and the role of the media, courts, elections, and "fake news" in the modern political landscape—and what the future of the United States may hold. Contributors include: Martha Minow, dean of Harvard Law School Eric Posner, law professor at the University of Chicago Law School Tyler Cowen, economics professor at George Mason University Timur Kuran, economics and political science professor at Duke University Noah Feldman, professor of law at Harvard Law School Jonathan Haidt, social psychologist and Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University’s Stern School of Business Jack Goldsmith, Professor at Harvard Law School, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and co-founder of Lawfare Stephen Holmes, Professor of Law at New York University Jon Elster, Professor of the Social Sciences at Columbia University Thomas Ginsburg, Professor of International Law and Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Cass R. Sunstein, Robert Walmsley University Professor, Harvard University Duncan Watts, sociologist and principal researcher at Microsoft Research Geoffrey R. Stone, University of Chicago Law school professor and noted First Amendment scholar


Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions

Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions
Author: Denis J. Galligan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 693
Release: 2013-10-14
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1107434572

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This volume analyses the social and political forces that influence constitutions and the process of constitution making. It combines theoretical perspectives on the social and political foundations of constitutions with a range of detailed case studies from nineteen countries. In the first part leading scholars analyse and develop a range of theoretical perspectives, including constitutions as coordination devices, mission statements, contracts, products of domestic power play, transnational documents, and as reflection of the will of the people. In the second part these theories are examined through in-depth case studies of the social and political foundations of constitutions in countries such as Egypt, Nigeria, Japan, Romania, Bulgaria, New Zealand, Israel, Argentina and others. The result is a multidimensional study of constitutions as social phenomena and their interaction with other social phenomena.


Human Rights Futures

Human Rights Futures
Author: Stephen Hopgood
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 355
Release: 2017-08-31
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1107193354

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With authoritarian states and global culture wars threatening human rights, this volume weighs hopes the for effective human rights advocacy.


Agenda Setting, the UN, and NGOs

Agenda Setting, the UN, and NGOs
Author: Jutta M. Joachim
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2007-07-24
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781589012332

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In the mid-1990s, when the United Nations adopted positions affirming a woman's right to be free from bodily harm and to control her own reproductive health, it was both a coup for the international women's rights movement and an instructive moment for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) seeking to influence UN decision making. Prior to the UN General Assembly's 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence against Women and the 1994 decision by the UN's Conference on Population and Development to vault women's reproductive rights and health to the forefront of its global population growth management program, there was little consensus among governments as to what constituted violence against women and how much control a woman should have over reproduction. Jutta Joachim tells the story of how, in the years leading up to these decisions, women's organizations got savvy—framing the issues strategically, seizing political opportunities in the international environment, and taking advantage of mobilizing structures—and overcame the cultural opposition of many UN-member states to broadly define the two issues and ultimately cement women's rights as an international cause. Joachim's deft examination of the documents, proceedings, and actions of the UN and women's advocacy NGOs—supplemented by interviews with key players from concerned parties, and her own participant-observation—reveals flaws in state-centered international relations theories as applied to UN policy, details the tactics and methods that NGOs can employ in order to push rights issues onto the UN agenda, and offers insights into the factors that affect NGO influence. In so doing, Agenda Setting, the UN, and NGOs departs from conventional international relations theory by drawing on social movement literature to illustrate how rights groups can motivate change at the international level.