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Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space: Models, Instruments and Techniques

Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space: Models, Instruments and Techniques
Author: Frank S. Marzano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2006-04-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0306481502
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This book is a collection of the lectures, held at the International Summer School ISSAOS-2000 in L'Aquila (Italy), given by invited lecturers coming from both Europe and the USA. The goal of the book is to provide a broad panorama of spaceborne remote sensing techniques, at both microwave and visible-infrared bands and by both active and passive sensors, for the retrieval of atmospheric and oceanic parameters. A significant emphasis is given to the physical modeling background, instrument potential and limitations, inversion methods and applications. Topics on international remote sensing programs and assimilation techniques into numerical weather forecast models are also touched. The main purpose of the book is to offer to young scientists, Ph.D. or equivalent students, and to all who would like to have a broad-spectrum understanding of spaceborne remote sensing capabilities, introductory material to each remote sensing topic written by the most qualified experts in the field.

Simulation of the Sea Surface for Remote Sensing

Simulation of the Sea Surface for Remote Sensing
Author: Alexander Zapevalov
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2020-10-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030587525
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This book considers the formation of the signal reflected from the sea surface when sensing in the radio and optical range. Currently, remote sensing from space is the main source of information about the processes taking place in the atmosphere and ocean. The correct interpretation of remote sensing data requires detailed information about the rough surface that forms the reflected signal. The first three chapters describe the statistical and spatial-temporal characteristics of the sea surface, focusing on the effects associated with the nonlinearity of sea surface waves. The analysis makes extensive use of data obtained by the authors on a stationary oceanographic platform located on the Black sea. In the next seven chapters, the authors analyze how the nonlinearity of waves affects the formation of a signal reflected from the sea surface.This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. It is of value to scientists and engineers involved in the development of methods and instruments of remote sensing, analysis and interpretation of data. It is useful for students who have decided to devote themselves to the study of the oceans.

Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere from Space

Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere from Space
Author: Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 549
Release: 2015-10-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9783642104114
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In Optical Remote Sensing From Satellites the authors set the scene for an understanding of recent advances in optical remote sensing of the earth and the importance of satellite techniques in this regard. As presently structured, the book consists of ten chapters. After a brief Preface and Introduction to satellite remote sensing, the authors describe satellite instrumentation including detectors and imaging systems, image processing, multispectral and hyperspectral instruments in chapter 3. Chapter 4 looks at electromagnetic radiation discussing topics such as Maxwell theory, the Stokes vector and the theoretical background to light reflection, transmission and scattering. It provides the physical basis for optical remote sensing from space. Chapter 5 describes the various sources of radiation such as blackbody, solar and terrestrial radiation and artificial sources such as lasers. Chapter 6 reviews light propagation in the atmosphere which is an important topic since satellite signals are influenced not only by atmospheric scattering but also by reflectance from natural surfaces such as oceans, soil, vegetation, forest, snow and ice, and these topics are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 considers forward models and inverse problems (e.g. linearization techniques, minimization procedures and the adjoint radiative transfer equation). Chapter 9 comprises a description of the application of techniques outlined in previous chapters for the solution of a number of practical problems such as the determination of aerosol, trace gas, and cloud properties using spectral top-of-atmosphere reflectances as detected by satellites. The final chapter 10 examines optical remote sensing techniques as applied to the monitoring of hurricanes, floods, desertification, volcanic eruptions, and climate change.

Sea Ice

Sea Ice
Author: Mohammed Shokr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 628
Release: 2023-05-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119828163
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SEA ICE The latest edition of the gold standard in sea ice references In the newly revised second edition of Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an in-depth review of the features and structural properties of ice, as well as the latest advances in geophysical sensors, ice parameter retrieval techniques, and remote sensing data. The book has been updated to reflect the latest scientific developments in macro- and micro-scale sea ice research. For this edition, the authors have included high-quality photographs of thin sections from cores of various ice types, as well as a comprehensive account of all major field expeditions that have systematically surveyed sea ice and its properties. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to ice physics and physical processes, including ice morphology and age-based structural features Practical discussions of radiometric and radar-scattering observations from sea ice, including radar backscatter and microwave emission The latest techniques for the retrieval of sea ice parameters from space-borne and airborne sensor data New chapters on sea ice thermal microwave emissions and on the impact of climate change on polar sea ice Perfect for academic researchers working on sea ice, the cryosphere, and climatology, Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing will also benefit meteorologists, marine operators, and high-latitude construction engineers.

The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space

The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space
Author: John P. Burrows
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 576
Release: 2011-01-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3642147917
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The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.

Surface Ocean

Surface Ocean
Author: Corinne Le Quéré
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 565
Release: 2013-05-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 111867149X
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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 187. The focus of Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes is biogeochemical interactions between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere. This volume is an outgrowth of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Summer School. The volume is designed to provide graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers from a wide range of academic backgrounds with a basis for understanding the nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions and the current research issues in this area. The volume highlights include the following: Background material on ocean and atmosphere structure, circulation, and chemistry and on marine ecosystems Integrative chapters on the global carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry Issue-oriented chapters on the iron cycle and dimethylsulfide Tool-oriented chapters on biogeochemical modeling and remote sensing A framework of underlying physical/chemical/biological principles, as well as perspectives on current research issues in the field. The readership for this book will include graduate students and/or advanced undergraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and researchers in the fields of oceanography and atmospheric science. It will also be useful for experienced researchers in specific other disciplines who wish to broaden their perspectives on the complex biogeochemical coupling between ocean and atmosphere and the importance of this coupling to understanding global change.

Topographic Mapping

Topographic Mapping
Author: John N. Hatzopoulos
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Total Pages: 804
Release: 2024-10-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1627344853
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This book is addressed to students and professionals, and it is aimed to cover as much as possible the broader region of topographic mapping as it has evolved into a modern field called geospatial information science and technology. More emphasis is placed on using scientific methods and tools materialized in algorithms and software to produce practical results. For this reason, beyond the written material, there are also many educational and professional software programs written by the first author to help comprehend the individual methodologies developed. The Target of this book is to provide the people who work in fields of applications of topographic mapping (environment, geology, geography, cartography, engineering, geotechnical, agriculture, forestry, geointelligence, etc.) a source of knowledge for the broader region so that to help them in facing relevant problems as well as in preparing contracts and specifications for such type of work assigned to professionals and evaluating such contracting results. It also aims to be a reference for theory and practice for professionals in Topographic Mapping. This book applies a didactics method where, with a relatively small effort, someone can digest a large volume of simple or complicated knowledge material at a desirable scientific depth within a relatively short time interval. The objective that educated people must be "smarter than the machine" and not treat the machine as a "black box" being "button pushers" has been achieved through the first author's experience in the USA and Greece, with relative success by adopting this didactics technique. There are 14 chapters, including Reference systems and Projections, Topographic instruments and Geometry of coordinates, Conventional construction of a topographic map, Design and reproduction of a thematic map, Digital Topographic mapping - GIS, Digital Terrain Models (DTM / DEM), GPS/GNSS, methods of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, new technologies LIDAR, IFSAR, Augmented reality, Mapping with UAS/UAV/Drones, the method of Least Squares adjustment, and Description of educational software accompanying the text.

Exploring the Atmosphere by Remote Sensing Techniques

Exploring the Atmosphere by Remote Sensing Techniques
Author: Rodolfo Guzzi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2008-01-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540365362
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Only satellite-based remote-sensing instruments generate the wealth of global data on the concentrations of atmospheric constituents that are necessary for long-term monitoring of the atmosphere. This set of courses and lectures sponsored by ICTP in Trieste focuses on remote sensing for atmospheric applications and inverse methods to assess atmospheric components, gases, aerosols and clouds. It addresses primarily graduate students and young researchers in the atmospheric sciences but will be useful for all those wishing to study various techniques for exploring the atmosphere by remote sensing. Contributions span topics such as on IGOS (Integrated Global Observing Strategy), electromagnetic scattering by non-spherical particles, forward-modelling requirements and the information content problem, Earth radiation, and aerosol monitoring by LIDAR.

Advanced Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies

Advanced Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies
Author: Moumita Mukherjee
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 656
Release: 2010-03-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9533070315
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This book is planned to publish with an objective to provide a state-of-the-art reference book in the areas of advanced microwave, MM-Wave and THz devices, antennas and systemtechnologies for microwave communication engineers, Scientists and post-graduate students of electrical and electronics engineering, applied physicists. This reference book is a collection of 30 Chapters characterized in 3 parts: Advanced Microwave and MM-wave devices, integrated microwave and MM-wave circuits and Antennas and advanced microwave computer techniques, focusing on simulation, theories and applications. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the components and devices used in microwave and MM-Wave circuits, including microwave transmission lines, resonators, filters, ferrite devices, solid state devices, transistor oscillators and amplifiers, directional couplers, microstripeline components, microwave detectors, mixers, converters and harmonic generators, and microwave solid-state switches, phase shifters and attenuators. Several applications area also discusses here, like consumer, industrial, biomedical, and chemical applications of microwave technology. It also covers microwave instrumentation and measurement, thermodynamics, and applications in navigation and radio communication.