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| Author | : Dwight J. Goehring |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 1979 |
| Genre | : Discrimination |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 19 |
| Release | : 1979 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The technical properties of a statistical measure of the concept of institutional discrimination are discussed. Two methods of dealing with the problem of reliability of the measure in small samples are presented. The first is based upon classical statistical theory and the second derives from a series of computer-generated Monte Carlo analyses. A test for differences between the measures is also developed and presented. (Author).
| Author | : David R. Segal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 10 |
| Release | : 1975 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper presents a method for measuring institutional discrimination, and presents examples of its use. Desite assertions, the goal of racial equality is closer to fulfillment in the armed forces than in any other American Institution, critics of the military continue to point to discrimination against black servicemen and women within the military establishment. Weigert's analysis of a survey of 459 black American soldiers stationed in Germany in 1970 found that 41 percent felt that there were better opportunities for blacks in civilian institutions than in the military. An additional 39 percent rated the two about equal, and only 20 percent felt they had better prospects in the military. An ARI survey of 3,845 enlisted personnel, conducted worlwide, in 1972, presented a somewhat more positive view of the Army compared to civilian institutions, although the data are not directly comparable. Nineteen percent of the black respondents in the ARI survey felt that race problems were worse in the Army than in the rest of society, and 46 percent felt that they were about the same. However, in comparing the treatment of blacks and whites within the Army, 72 percent of the black respondents felt that blacks are treated worse than whites in the Army, and only 1 percent felt that blacks were treated better.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 335 |
| Release | : 2004-07-24 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309091268 |
Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discriminationâ€"pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity. Measuring Racial Discrimination considers the definition of race and racial discrimination, reviews the existing techniques used to measure racial discrimination, and identifies new tools and areas for future research. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 810 |
| Release | : 1979 |
| Genre | : Military research |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 753 |
| Release | : 2004-10-16 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309092116 |
In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 583 |
| Release | : 2017-04-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309452961 |
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
| Author | : Lisa F. Berkman |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 428 |
| Release | : 2000-03-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780195083316 |
This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
| Author | : Dominic Abrams |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 111 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Discrimination |
| ISBN | : 9781842062708 |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 912 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : Government publications |
| ISBN | : |
