Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Regulation Of Stress Activated Protein Kinases Sapks Mediated By Proteinase Activated Receptor 2 Par 2 PDF full book. Access full book title Regulation Of Stress Activated Protein Kinases Sapks Mediated By Proteinase Activated Receptor 2 Par 2.
| Author | : Toru Kanke |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2002 |
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| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Toru Kanke |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2002 |
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| Author | : Francesc Posas |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2008-01-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540755691 |
In this book leading researchers in the field discuss the state-of-the-art of many aspects of SAPK signaling in various systems from yeast to mammals. These include various chapters on regulatory mechanisms as well as the contribution of the SAPK signaling pathways to processes such as gene expression, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Written by international experts, the book will appeal to cell biologists and biochemists.
| Author | : Kathryn Ann McIntosh |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2008 |
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Proteinase activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a novel G-protein coupled receptor, that is activated by means of proteolytic cleavage (Macfarlane et al, 2001) and has both pro and anti-inflammatory actions depending upon the system examined. PAR-2 have been linked to the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), JNK and p38 MAP kinase and NFK13 signalling (Kanke et al, 2001; Sabri et al, 2000), pathways known to be involved in proinflammatory responses in several cell types. TNFa has been demonstrated to up-regulate PAR-2 expression in a variety of cell types (Nystedt et al, 1996; Ritchie et al, 2007). Since both TNFa and PAR-2 are implicated in inflammation, we examined the possibility of altered PAR-2 trafficking under inflammatory conditions and possible crosstalk between PAR-2 and TNFa at the level of intracellular signalling. Previous studies have characterised P AR-2 trafficking in transfected cell lines, however the effects of inflammatory stimuli on the kinetics of PAR-2 trafficking has not been investigated. The study sought to re-characterise PAR-2 trafficking in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. NCTC2544 cells transfected with YFP epitope tagged PAR-2, demonstrated clear PAR-2 expression and trafficking of the receptor was successfully characterised, however no significant differences in the kinetics of P AR-2 trafficking under inflammatory conditions compared to control was observed. The latter part of the study examined PAR-2 and TNFa mediated activation of the MAPK and NFK13 pathways. In a keratinocyte cell line stably expressing PAR-2 (CloneG), trypsin, SLIGKV-OH, and TNFa, caused a time and concentration-dependent increase in p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation however, preliminary results failed to show evidence of synergy between the receptors. Surprisingly however, pre-activation of P AR-2 substantially reduced the ability of TNFa to activate JNK. The inhibitory effect of P AR-2 was mimicked by the protein kinase C activator PMA, partially reversed by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, and completely reversed by the novel Gaqlll inhibitor YM-254890, consistent with a role for both Ca2+ -dependent and independent PKC isoforms and for P AR-2 coupling to Gaq/11 to mediate this agonist driven inhibitory response. These results indicate a potential mechanistic explanation for both the anti and pro-inflammatory actions of P AR- 2, and highlight a possible novel therapeutic avenue for the development ofPAR-2 agonists as anti-inflammatory drugs.
| Author | : Derek LeRoith |
| Publisher | : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
| Total Pages | : 1606 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780781740975 |
Thoroughly revised and updated, this Third Edition encompasses the most recent advances in molecular and cellular research and describes the newest therapeutic modalities for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chapters by leading experts integrate the latest basic science and clinical research on diabetes mellitus and its complications. The text is divided into ten major sections, including extensive sections on therapeutics, diabetes during pregnancy, and complications. New chapters cover stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes; genetics and treatment of obesity; new therapies to promote insulin action; vasculopathy; islet cell protocols; triglycerides in muscle; hypoglycemia in the adult; and the Diabetes Prevention Program.
| Author | : Michel Félétou |
| Publisher | : Morgan & Claypool Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 309 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1615041230 |
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
| Author | : Paul D Prenzler |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 419 |
| Release | : 2021-10-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1839165340 |
The field of antioxidant research has grown rapidly over the last 30 years and shows no sign of slowing down. In order to understand how antioxidants work, it is essential to understand how their activity is measured. However, antioxidant activity measurements are controversial and their value has been challenged. This book addresses a number of the controversies on antioxidant testing methods. Specifically, the book highlights the importance of context, helping the reader to decide what methods are most appropriate for different situations, how the results can be interpreted and what information may be inferred from the data. There are a multiplicity of methods for measuring activity, with no standardized method approved for in vitro or in vivo testing. In order to select an appropriate method, a thorough knowledge of the processes associated with reduction-oxidation is essential, leading to an improved understanding and use of activity measurements and the associated data. The book presents background information, in a unique style, which is designed to assist readers to grasp the fundamentals of redox processes, as well as thermodynamics and kinetics, which are essential to later chapters. Recovery and extraction of antioxidants from diverse matrices are presented in a clear and logical fashion along with methods used to determine antioxidant activity from a mechanistic perspective. Other chapters present current methodologies used for activity testing in different sample types ranging from foods and plants, to body fluids and even to packaging, but always with a strong emphasis on the nature of the sample and the underlying chemistry of the method. A number of emerging techniques for assessing antioxidant behaviour, namely, electrochemical methods, chip technology exploiting microfluidic devices, metabolomics plus studies of gene and protein expression, are examined. Ultimately, these techniques will be involved in generation of "big data" for which an understanding of chemometrics will be essential in drawing valid conclusions. The book is written to appeal to a wide audience, but will be particularly helpful for any researchers who are attempting to make sense of the vast literature and often conflicting messages on antioxidant activity.
| Author | : J. David Sweatt |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 374 |
| Release | : 2012-12-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0123944058 |
Epigenetic Regulation in the Nervous System addresses current understanding of the roles of epigenetic processes at the molecular/cellular level, their impact on neural development and behavior, and the potential roles of these mechanisms in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This award-winning volume spans molecular epigenetics, development, cellular physiology and biochemistry, synaptic and neural plasticity, and behavioral models, and is unique in covering epigenetically based disorders of the central nervous system. Behavioral epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors alter behavior, addressing the fundamental mechanisms that shape development and individual vulnerability/resilience to adverse behavioral outcomes. By understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic modulation, researchers may be able to develop targeted therapies for those individuals in whom it malfunctions. Edited by the most highly regarded leaders in the field, this book offers a comprehensive review of behavioral epigenetics and a balanced treatment of the strengths and weaknesses in experimentation in this area. Covering background material as well as topics of current interest, it serves both as a cutting-edge resource and a foundational reference. The book will benefit neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the links between gene regulation and behavior, as will clinicians dealing with disorders such as addiction, depression, and schizophrenia. BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 - Highly Commended, Neurology, British Medical Association BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 - First Prize, Neurology, British Medical Association 2013 PROSE Award winner for Best in Reference Works and Best Single Volume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers Presents a unified view of epigenetic mechanisms from behavior to genes and everything in between Discusses clinically relevant disorders in the context of epigenetics research, making the volume appealing to clinicians as well as basic scientists Provides numerous practical examples for the new investigator to facilitate implementation of research in neuroepigenetics
| Author | : Victor R Preedy |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 776 |
| Release | : 2017-05-23 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 012803792X |
The Neuroscience of Cocaine: Mechanisms and Treatment explores the complex effects of this drug, addressing the neurobiology behind cocaine use and the psychosocial and behavioral factors that impact cocaine use and abuse. This book provides researchers with an up-to-date understanding of the mechanisms behind cocaine use, and aids them in deriving new pharmacological compounds and therapeutic regimens to treat dependency and withdrawal symptoms. Cocaine is one of the most highly abused illicit drugs worldwide and is frequently associated with other forms of drug addiction and misuse, but researchers are still struggling to understand cocaine’s neuropharmacological profile and the mechanisms of its effects and manifestations at the cognitive level. Cessation of cocaine use can lead to numerous adverse withdrawal conditions, from the cellular and molecular level to the behavioral level of the individual user. Written by worldwide experts in cocaine addiction, this book assists neuroscientists and other addiction researchers in unraveling the many complex facets of cocaine use and abuse. Contains in each chapter an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding Illustrated in full color Provides unique full coverage of all aspects of cocaine and its related pathology Provides researchers with an up-to-date understanding of the mechanisms behind cocaine use, and aids them in deriving new pharmacological compounds and therapeutic regimens to treat dependency and withdrawal symptoms
| Author | : Hardy J. Rideout |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 280 |
| Release | : 2017-03-28 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319499696 |
This is the first book to assemble the leading researchers in the field of LRRK2 biology and neurology and provide a snapshot of the current state of knowledge, encompassing all major aspects of its function and dysfunction. The contributors are experts in cell biology and physiology, neurobiology, and medicinal chemistry, bringing a multidisciplinary perspective on the gene and its role in disease. The book covers the identification of LRRK2 as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. It also discusses the current state of the field after a decade of research, putative normal physiological roles of LRRK2, and the various pathways that have been identified in the search for the mechanism(s) of its induction of neurodegeneration.
