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Pricing and Price Regulation

Pricing and Price Regulation
Author: D. Bös
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2015-12-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0080514707

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This clear, precisely written text presents an important branch of the modern, micro-economically based theory of industrial organization and of public finance, utilizing calculus only. Answers are provided to some pertinent economic questions, such as the pricing policies of vote-seeking politicians, of empire-building bureaucrats and of out-put-maximizing and energy-saving public utilities. These policies are compared with the welfare economic benchmark rules e.g. on marginal cost pricing and Ramsey pricing. Great significance is attached to price regulation. The book elucidates the recent replacement of rate of return regulation by price-cap regulation. It also explains why many simple rules like yardstick regulation fail to achieve optimal prices, which shows how complicated it is to induce managers to truthfully reveal their private information. How this can be achieved properly is shown in various principal-agent models on regulation with uncertain costs, uncertain demand and with soft budget constraints.


Price Setting and Price Regulation in Health Care Lessons for Advancing Universal Health Coverage

Price Setting and Price Regulation in Health Care Lessons for Advancing Universal Health Coverage
Author: Barber Sarah L
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 100
Release: 2019-06-26
Genre:
ISBN: 9264508864

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The objectives of this study are to describe experiences in price setting and how pricing has been used to attain better coverage, quality, financial protection, and health outcomes. It builds on newly commissioned case studies and lessons learned in calculating prices, negotiating with providers, and monitoring changes. Recognising that no single model is applicable to all settings, the study aimed to generate best practices and identify areas for future research, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The report and the case studies were jointly developed by the OECD and the WHO Centre for Health Development in Kobe (Japan).


Regulation and Markets

Regulation and Markets
Author: Daniel F. Spulber
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 720
Release: 1989
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780262192750

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Regulation and Markets provides the up to date, integrated analysis of regulatory policies and the administrative process that is needed in today's field of regulation economics. The book takes a modern perspective, using the tools of industrial organization and game theory. It is the only unified treatment of the field and combines theoretical models with consideration of public policy issues in the areas of antitrust, price regulation, environmental regulation, product quality, and workplace safety. The discussion considers both the welfare effects of regulation and the institutional aspects of the administrative regulatory process. Developments in the fields of law and political science have been integrated in a rigorous manner into the economic framework.Sections of the book address administrative process and market allocation, competition and pricing under increasing returns to scale, administrative regulation of markets, and antitrust enforcement. The conclusion evaluates regulatory policy and deregulation. Extensive literature citations throughout enhance the books value as a reference.


Flaws and Ceilings

Flaws and Ceilings
Author: Christopher Coyne
Publisher: London Publishing Partnership
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2015-03-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0255367023

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Price controls across many sectors are currently being hotly debated. New controls in the housing market, more onerous minimum wages, minimum prices for alcohol, and freezes on energy prices are very high up the agenda of most politicians at the moment. Even without any further controls, wages, university fees, railway fares and many financial products already have their prices at least partly determined by politicians rather than by supply and demand in the market. Indeed, barely a sector of the UK economy is unaffected in one way or another by government controls on prices. This book demonstrates why economists do not like price controls and shows why they are widely regarded as being amongst the most damaging political interventions in markets. The authors analyse, in a very readable fashion, the damage they cause. Crucially, the authors also explain why, despite universal criticism from economists, price controls are so popular amongst politicians.


The Theory of Competitive Price

The Theory of Competitive Price
Author: George Joseph Stigler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 216
Release: 1946
Genre: Competition
ISBN:

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WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies

WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 70
Release: 2020-09-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9240011870

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In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significant financial hardship for individuals and negatively impacted on healthcare systems' ability to provide population-wide access to essential medicines. Pharmaceutical pricing policies need to be carefully planned, carried out, and regularly checked and revised according to changing conditions. Strong, well-thought-out policies can guide well-informed and balanced decisions to achieve affordable access to essential health products. This guideline replaces the 2015 WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies, revised to reflect the growing body of literature since the last evidence review in 2010. This update also recognizes country experiences in managing the prices of pharmaceutical products.


Imperfect Markets and Imperfect Regulation

Imperfect Markets and Imperfect Regulation
Author: Thomas-Olivier Leautier
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 413
Release: 2019-03-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0262039281

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The first textbook to present a comprehensive and detailed economic analysis of electricity markets, analyzing the tensions between microeconomics and political economy. The power industry is essential in our fight against climate change. This book is the first to examine in detail the microeconomics underlying power markets, stemming from peak-load pricing, by which prices are low when the installed generation capacity exceeds demand but can rise a hundred times higher when demand is equal to installed capacity. The outcome of peak-load pricing is often difficult to accept politically, and the book explores the tensions between microeconomics and political economy. Understanding peak-load pricing and its implications is essential for designing robust policies and making sound investment decisions. Thomas-Olivier Léautier presents the model in its simplest form, and introduces additional features as different issues are presented. The book covers all segments of electricity markets: electricity generation, under perfect and imperfect competition; retail competition and demand response; transmission pricing, transmission congestion management, and transmission constraints; and the current policy issues arising from the entry of renewables into the market and capacity mechanisms. Combining anecdotes and analysis of real situations with rigorous analytical modeling, each chapter analyzes one specific issue, first presenting findings in nontechnical terms accessible to policy practitioners and graduate students in management or public policy and then presenting a more mathematical analytical exposition for students and researchers specializing in the economics of electricity markets and for those who want to understand and apply the underlying models.


General Maximum Price Regulation

General Maximum Price Regulation
Author: United States. Office of Price Administration
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 1942
Genre: Prices
ISBN:

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Pharmacy Law and Practice

Pharmacy Law and Practice
Author: Jon Merrills
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 570
Release: 2013-04-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0123946182

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Pharmacy Law and Practice, Fifth Edition provides a straightforward and useable guide for students, practitioners, academics and others interested in pharmacy law and practice in the United Kingdom. This multi-dimensional book includes discussions of socio-political influences on legal developments to provide greater insight to the reader. It clearly sets out the background to regulatory issues together with simple and practical statements of what a pharmacist has to do to obey the law. As in previous editions, this book discusses topics thematically rather than by statute. It is a unique and reader-friendly guide that boils down the complex or difficult language of the law, describes the reasons behind it, and illustrates the application to pharmacy practice. Thoroughly updated to reflect regulatory and legal developments in areas including employment law, online transactions and internet pharmacies, non-medical prescribing and more Takes an intuitive, problem-solving approach and discusses topics thematically rather than by statute to show how all of the larger pieces fit together The electronic version of this book contains valuable links to provide readers with the most current information in a rapidly changing subject area


The General Maximum Price Regulation

The General Maximum Price Regulation
Author: United States. Office of Price Administration
Publisher:
Total Pages: 32
Release: 1942
Genre: Price regulation
ISBN:

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