Reduction Of The Radiotoxicity Of Spent Nuclear Fuel Using A Two Tiered System Comprising Light Water Reactors And Accelerator Driven Systems PDF Download
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| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 5 |
| Release | : 2003 |
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Download Reduction of the Radiotoxicity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Using a Two-Tiered System Comprising Light Water Reactors and Accelerator-Driven Systems Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Two main issues regarding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel from nuclear reactors in the United States in the geological repository Yucca Mountain are: (1) Yucca Mountain is not designed to hold the amount of fuel that has been and is proposed to be generated in the next few decades, and (2) the radiotoxicity (i.e., biological hazard) of the waste (particularly the actinides) does not decrease below that of natural uranium ore for hundreds of thousands of years. One solution to these problems may be to use transmutation to convert the nuclides in spent nuclear fuel to ones with shorter half-lives. Both reactor and accelerator-based systems have been examined in the past for transmutation; there are advantages and disadvantages associated with each. By using existing Light Water Reactors (LWRs) to burn a majority of the plutonium in spent nuclear fuel and Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADSs) to transmute the remainder of the actinides, the benefits of each type of system can be realized. The transmutation process then becomes more efficient and less expensive. This research searched for the best combination of LWRs with multiple recycling of plutonium and ADSs to transmute spent nuclear fuel from past and projected nuclear activities (assuming little growth of nuclear energy). The neutronic design of each system is examined in detail although thermal hydraulic performance would have to be considered before a final system is designed. The results are obtained using the Monte Carlo burnup code Monteburns, which has been successfully benchmarked for MOX fuel irradiation and compared to other codes for ADS calculations. The best combination of systems found in this research includes 41 LWRs burning mixed oxide fuel with two recycles of plutonium (≈40 years operation each) and 53 ADSs to transmute the remainder of the actinides from spent nuclear fuel over the course of 60 years of operation.
| Author | : Holly R. Trellue |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 402 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Alpha-bearing wastes |
| ISBN | : |
Download Reduction of the Radiotoxicity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Using a Two-tiered System Comprised of Light Water Reactors and Accelerator-driven Systems Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 120 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Thorium Fuel Cycle Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
| Author | : National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 432 |
| Release | : 1995-08-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309051452 |
Download Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Within the next decade, many thousands of U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons are slated to be retired as a result of nuclear arms reduction treaties and unilateral pledges. Hundreds of tons of plutonium and highly enriched uranium will no longer be needed for weapons purposes and will pose urgent challenges to international security. This is the supporting volume to a study by the Committee on International Security and Arms Control which dealt with all phases of the management and disposition of these materials. This technical study concentrates on the option for the disposition of plutonium, looking in detail at the different types of reactors in which weapons plutonium could be burned and at the vitrification of plutonium, and comparing them using economic, security and environmental criteria.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 590 |
| Release | : 1996-02-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309052262 |
Download Nuclear Wastes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : IAEA |
| Total Pages | : 112 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System (VISTA) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System (VISTA) is a simulation system which estimates long term nuclear fuel cycle material and service requirements as well as the material arising from the operation of nuclear fuel cycle facilities and nuclear power reactors. It is a scenario based simulation tool which can model several nuclear fuel cycle options including existing nuclear power reactor types and future possible reactor types. The past operations of the power reactors and fuel cycle facilities can be modelled in the system, in order to estimate the current amount of spent fuel stored or total Pu in stored spent fuel. It can also accept future projections for nuclear power and other scenario parameters in order to predict future fuel cycle material requirements.The model has been designed to be an optimum mixture of simplicity, speed and accuracy. It does not require too many input parameters if the purpose is just to compare the requirements for selected scenarios. Furthermore, the accuracy of the system can be improved by introducing more detailed and correct sets of input parameters.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 768 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Dissertations, Academic |
| ISBN | : |
Download Dissertation Abstracts International Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : IAEA |
| Total Pages | : 100 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download Viability of Inert Matrix Fuel in Reducing Plutonium Amounts in Reactors Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The reactors around the world have produced more than 2000 tonnes of plutonium, contained in spent fuel or as separated forms through reprocessing. Disposition of fissile materials has become a primary concern of nuclear non-proliferation efforts worldwide. There is a significant interest in IAEA Member States to develop proliferation resistant nuclear fuel cycles for incineration of plutonium such as inert matrix fuels (IMFs). This publication reviews the status of potential IMF candidates and describes several identified candidate materials for both fast and thermal reactors: MgO, ZrO2, SiC, Zr alloy, SiAl, ZrN; some of these have undergone test irradiations and post irradiation examination. Also discussed are modelling of IMF fuel performance and safety analysis. System studies have identified strategies for both implementation of IMF fuel as homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, as assemblies or core loadings and in existing reactors in the shorter term, as well as in new reactors in the longer term.
| Author | : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Performance Assessment Advisory Group |
| Publisher | : Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre |
| Total Pages | : 90 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
Download Disposal of Radioactive Waste Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Energy policy |
| ISBN | : 9780982800843 |
Download The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"In this analysis we have presented a method that provides insight into future fuel cycle alternatives by clarifying the complexity of choosing an appropriate fuel cycle in the context of the distribution of burdens and benefits between generations. The current nuclear power deployment practices, together with three future fuel cycles were assessed."--Page 227.
