أسئلة الرواية الاردنية
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Release | : 1991 |
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Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Reducing European Dependence On Russian Gas PDF full book. Access full book title Reducing European Dependence On Russian Gas.
Author | : |
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Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1991 |
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Author | : Marshall European Center for Security Studies |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 70 |
Release | : 2018-05-17 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781982927998 |
This paper argues that the European Union must take decisive action to diversify its future energy needs away from Russian natural gas. Paradoxically, the EU's energy policy is more strategically forward-thinking and global community-minded than that of any major power, while at the same time it is mired in the parochialism of the different views of its member states. Admirably, it is the world's spokesperson for a rational policy that concerns itself with not only global climate change, but also the need for a long-term gradual weaning from hydrocarbons to renewable sources of energy. Unfortunately, the strategy of some member states to meet energy needs over the next 30-40 years, during what will be a likely be a dramatic transition period in the evolution of energy technology, seems to be based on the premise that Russia is not only mutually dependent on its European partners, but also will continue to act in a reliable manner and not exploit its increasing monopoly position, particularly in the natural gas markets. This would be an unwise policy to follow, even if Russia were the most liberal of democracies. Given Russia's uncertain future, and the demonstrated fact that it has been systematically reorganizing the entire Eurasian gas market from production all the way down to local distribution under its state-controlled agent, Gazprom, it is totally unrealistic to expect benign treatment from such a monopoly. Topics and subjects covered include: Gazprom, Putin, Ukraine, Sakhalin, Nord Stream, Rosneft, Yukos, RosUkrEnergo, Pipelines, LNG, NEGP The European Union 27 currently rely on Russia for almost 38% of their imported natural gas; this dependency will become significantly greater if European states implement their currently formulated energy policies. With plans to phase out nuclear power in several European countries, the EU goal to reduce coal consumption thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of domestic sources of gas, reliance on Russia will rise to 50 to 60% of all gas imports within the next two decades if different energy policies are not adopted. The EU and greater Europe will soon find themselves in an extremely dangerous position due to the ever-increasing dependence on Russian natural gas. These countries must work together now to produce a coherent diversification strategy. Chapter 1 - Russian and the European Natural Gas Market * Introduction * Why Natural Gas is so critical in the Energy Mix * Fragmentation of Pricing and the European Natural Gas Market * Europe's Increasing Reliance on Imported Hydrocarbons * Europe's Energy Dependence on Russia * The Effect on the European Market of Opening Pipelines to China * Russian Gas versus Oil * The Possibility of a Gas Cartel * Chapter 2 - Gazprom and the Russian Strategy * Gazprom * Putin, Politics, and Gazprom * Ukraine - An Example * Permission to Monopolize the Market * Sakhalin 2 * Kovykta * Gazprom's Distribution Portfolio and the Energy Charter * Russian Imperial Thinking * Chapter 3 - Counter Arguments * China - Not a Desirable Partner * A New Energy Source * Control of Central Asian Gas Supplies to Europe * Russia will not Produce * Chapter 4 - Recommendations * Diversification of Gas Imports - Pipelines: * The Nord Stream as an Example of the EU's Lack of Solidarity * A Trans Caspian Sea Gas Pipeline * Pipelines from North Africa * Diversification of Gas Imports - LNG * Diversification of Types of Energy * Renewables * Nuclear Power * "Clean Coal" and other New Technologies * Investment in Power Generation outside the EU * Conclusions
Author | : Ralf Dickel |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 81 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : Energy policy |
ISBN | : 9781784670146 |
Author | : P. Högselius |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 279 |
Release | : 2012-12-28 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1137286156 |
This book applies a systems and risk perspective on international energy relations, author Per Högselius investigates how and why governments, businesses, engineers and other actors sought to promote – and oppose– the establishment of an extensive East-West natural gas regime that seemed to overthrow the fundamental logic of the Cold War.
Author | : Richard J. Anderson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Energy policy |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Böhme, Dimo |
Publisher | : Universitätsverlag Potsdam |
Total Pages | : 348 |
Release | : 2014-10-09 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 3869562781 |
Public debate about energy relations between the EU and Russia is distorted. These distortions present considerable obstacles to the development of true partnership. At the core of the conflict is a struggle for resource rents between energy producing, energy consuming and transit countries. Supposed secondary aspects, however, are also of great importance. They comprise of geopolitics, market access, economic development and state sovereignty. The European Union, having engaged in energy market liberalisation, faces a widening gap between declining domestic resources and continuously growing energy demand. Diverse interests inside the EU prevent the definition of a coherent and respected energy policy. Russia, for its part, is no longer willing to subsidise its neighbouring economies by cheap energy exports. The Russian government engages in assertive policies pursuing Russian interests. In so far, it opts for a different globalisation approach, refusing the role of mere energy exporter. In view of the intensifying struggle for global resources, Russia, with its large energy potential, appears to be a very favourable option for European energy supplies, if not the best one. However, several outcomes of the strategic game between the two partners can be imagined. Engaging in non-cooperative strategies will in the end leave all stakeholders worse-off. The European Union should therefore concentrate on securing its partnership with Russia instead of damaging it. Stable cooperation would need the acceptance that the partner may pursue his own goals, which might be different from one’s own interests. The question is, how can a sustainable compromise be found? This thesis finds that a mix of continued dialogue, a tit for tat approach bolstered by an international institutional framework and increased integration efforts appears as a preferable solution.
Author | : Farhod Giyasov |
Publisher | : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 2010-11 |
Genre | : Natural gas |
ISBN | : 9783843370042 |
Energy security in Europe is one of the most important issues for sustainable development. Having no or only limited energy resources, most European countries are in need of oil and natural gas supplies. However, heavy demand for natural gas from Russia makes the majority of EU Member States absolutely dependent on Russian gas. This sometimes brings unfavorable consequences and drives the EU to search for such alternative sources as Central Asia. This book contains three interconnected chapters which study the partnership between the EU, Russia, and Central Asia and analyzes future perspectives for cooperation especially in the field of natural gas supply. Furthermore, the book reveals the benefits and obstacles deriving from the interests of each, thus creating a picture of possible collaboration between them. Besides, the author use clear, plain language so as to help the reader better understand the matter.
Author | : P. Högselius |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 559 |
Release | : 2012-12-28 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1137286156 |
This book applies a systems and risk perspective on international energy relations, author Per Högselius investigates how and why governments, businesses, engineers and other actors sought to promote – and oppose– the establishment of an extensive East-West natural gas regime that seemed to overthrow the fundamental logic of the Cold War.
Author | : Jeffrey Mankoff |
Publisher | : Council on Foreign Relations |
Total Pages | : 66 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 087609423X |
This Council Special Report explores the challenges faced by consumer and supplier alike in Europe and Eurasia. It looks at Russia's rise as an energy power, analyzing its control of supplies and delivery systems and its investments in energy infrastructure across Europe, as well as questions about the potential of its production. The report also examines Europe's difficulties in forging a common policy on energy supply and recommends a two-pronged strategy of integration and diversification. It urges Europe to integrate both internally -- developing a single EU gas market -- and externally -- tying Russia's energy sector to Europe and its more transparent regulations. It also recommends that Europe seek new sources of energy from both non-Russian suppliers and non-fossil fuels.
Author | : Pierre Noël |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |