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Reciprocity and Redistribution in Andean Civilizations

Reciprocity and Redistribution in Andean Civilizations
Author: John V. Murra
Publisher: Hau
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre: Andes Region
ISBN: 9780997367553

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John V. Murra's Lewis Henry Morgan Lectures, originally given in 1969, are the only major study of the Andean "avenue towards civilization." Collected and published for the first time here, they offer a powerful and insistent perspective on the Andean region as one of the few places in which a so-called "pristine civilization" developed. Murra sheds light not only on the way civilization was achieved here--which followed a fundamentally different process than that of Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica--he uses that study to shed new light on the general problems of achieving civilization in any world region. Murra intermixes a study of Andean ecology with an exploration of the ideal of economic self-sufficiency, stressing two foundational socioeconomic forces: reciprocity and redistribution. He shows how both enabled Andean communities to realize direct control of a maximum number of vertically ordered ecological floors and the resources they offered. He famously called this arrangement a "vertical archipelago," a revolutionary model that is still examined and debated almost fifty years after it was first presented in these lecture. Written in a crisp and elegant style and inspired by decades of ethnographic fieldwork, this set of lectures is nothing less than a lost classic, and it will be sure to inspire new generations of anthropologists and historians working in South America and beyond.


Reciprocity and Redistribution

Reciprocity and Redistribution
Author: Gro Hagemann
Publisher: Edizioni Plus
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2007
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 8884924650

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Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity

Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity
Author: Serge-Christophe Kolm
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 752
Release: 2006-07-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0080478263

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The Handbook on the Economics of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism provides a comprehensive set of reviews of literature on the economics of nonmarket voluntary transfers. The foundations of the field are reviewed first, with a sequence of chapters that present the hard core of the theoretical and empirical analyses of giving, reciprocity and altruism in economics, examining their relations with the viewpoints of moral philosophy, psychology, sociobiology, sociology and economic anthropology. Secondly, a comprehensive set of applications are considered of all the aspects of society where nonmarket voluntary transfers are significant: family and intergenerational transfers; charity and charitable institutions; the nonprofit economy; interpersonal relations in the workplace; the Welfare State; and international aid. *Every volume contains contributions from leading researchers *Each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of a particular topic *The series provides comprehensive and accessible surveys


Reciprocity, Exchange and Redistribution

Reciprocity, Exchange and Redistribution
Author: Luigi Mittone
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

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Inspired by Karl Polanyi's writings on three allocation modes, namely reciprocity, exchange and redistribution, we first tested a reciprocity ring with ten players. The baseline treatment, with no possibility of socialisation, displayed very low levels of allocative efficiency. Consistently with the Polanyian approach to reciprocity, we found that inducing the notion of symmetry among the players increased efficiency levels significantly. We then simulated a market exchange, with significant allocative efficiency gains. We conclude that indirect-reciprocity rings among anonymous players can seldom function in the absence of definite institutional refinements, promoting forms of symmetry-acknowledgement.


Agroecology

Agroecology
Author: Miguel A Altieri
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2018-02-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0429975090

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This book incorporates new insights and concepts in the hope of helping guide agricultural students, researchers, and practitioners to a deeper understanding of the ecology of agricultural systems that will open the doors to new management options with the objectives of sustainable agriculture.


Portrayals of Economic Exchange in the Book of Kings

Portrayals of Economic Exchange in the Book of Kings
Author: Roger S. Nam
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2012-02-17
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 9004223932

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Drawing on the Polanyian categories of reciprocity, redistribution and market trade, this book examines the exchange narratives within 1 and 2 Kings in an effort to clarify the nature of the economic structures behind the biblical text.


Food Sovereignty, Agroecology and Biocultural Diversity

Food Sovereignty, Agroecology and Biocultural Diversity
Author: Michel. P. Pimbert
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 407
Release: 2017-11-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1317354974

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Contestations over knowledge – and who controls its production – are a key focus of social movements and other actors that promote food sovereignty, agroecology and biocultural diversity. This book critically examines the kinds of knowledge and ways of knowing needed for food sovereignty, agroecology and biocultural diversity. ‘Food sovereignty’ is understood here as a transformative process that seeks to recreate the democratic realm and regenerate a diversity of autonomous food systems based on agroecology, biocultural diversity, equity, social justice and ecological sustainability. It is shown that alternatives to the current model of development require radically different knowledges and epistemologies from those on offer today in mainstream institutions (including universities, policy think tanks and donor organizations). To achieve food sovereignty, agroecology and biocultural diversity, there is a need to re-imagine and construct knowledge for diversity, decentralisation, dynamic adaptation and democracy. The authors critically explore the changes in organizations, research paradigms and professional practice that could help transform and co-create knowledge for a new modernity based on plural definitions of wellbeing. Particular attention is given to institutional, pedagogical and methodological innovations that can enhance cognitive justice by giving hitherto excluded citizens more power and agency in the construction of knowledge. The book thus contributes to the democratization of knowledge and power in the domain of food, environment and society. Chapters 1 and 8 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.


The Society of Equals

The Society of Equals
Author: Pierre Rosanvallon
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2013-11-04
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 067472772X

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Since the 1980s, society’s wealthiest members have claimed an ever-expanding share of income and property. It has been a true counterrevolution, says Pierre Rosanvallon—the end of the age of growing equality launched by the American and French revolutions. And just as significant as the social and economic factors driving this contemporary inequality has been a loss of faith in the ideal of equality itself. An ambitious transatlantic history of the struggles that, for two centuries, put political and economic equality at their heart, The Society of Equals calls for a new philosophy of social relations to reenergize egalitarian politics. For eighteenth-century revolutionaries, equality meant understanding human beings as fundamentally alike and then creating universal political and economic rights. Rosanvallon sees the roots of today’s crisis in the period 1830–1900, when industrialized capitalism threatened to quash these aspirations. By the early twentieth century, progressive forces had begun to rectify some imbalances of the Gilded Age, and the modern welfare state gradually emerged from Depression-era reforms. But new economic shocks in the 1970s began a slide toward inequality that has only gained momentum in the decades since. There is no returning to the days of the redistributive welfare state, Rosanvallon says. Rather than resort to outdated notions of social solidarity, we must instead revitalize the idea of equality according to principles of singularity, reciprocity, and communality that more accurately reflect today’s realities.