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| Author | : United States. Congressional Budget Office |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 116 |
| Release | : 1977 |
| Genre | : United States |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : United States. Congressional Budget Office |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 75 |
| Release | : 1978 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : James E. Payne |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 286 |
| Release | : 2019-03-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0429695675 |
This book examines the impact defense spending has on economic growth. While defense spending was not deliberately invented as a fiscal policy instrument, its importance in the composition of overall government spending and thus in determining employment is now easily recognized. In light of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequent reduction in the threat to the security of the United States, maintaining defense spending at the old level seems indefensible. The media has concentrated on the so-called peace dividend. However, as soon as the federal government is faced with defense cuts, it realizes the macroeconomic ramifications of such a step. Based on studies included in this volume, we examine the effects of defense spending on economic growth and investigate how the changed world political climate is likely to alter the importance and pattern of defense spending both for developed and developing countries.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Armed Forces |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 123 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 1428980296 |
In January 2003, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) published The Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans (ADA410669), which was based on the fiscal year 2003 budget and the Department of Defense's Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) of that same year. CBO updated that analysis in July 2003 (ADA416284); its publication The Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans: Summary Update for Fiscal Year 2004 revised CBO's earlier work to take into account changes incorporated in the President's budget for fiscal year 2004 and the 2004 FYDP. Because it was a summary, the July 2003 paper omitted many of the detailed data displays contained in CBO's January 2003 study. This briefing updates those omitted displays consistent with the 2004 FYDP. The briefing does not incorporate changes to the FYDP resulting from Congressional action on the President's fiscal year 2004 budget request.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 79 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Operation and support (O & S) funds -- the portion of the Department of Defense (DoD) budget that pays to operate DoD's forces -- have grown an average of about 2 percent per year from 1980 to 1988 in real (inflation-adjusted) terms. Real growth in these accounts was higher from 1980 to 1985, averaging 4 percent per year, but has fluctuated since then; funding actually declined in real terms in 1986 and 1988. In the next several years, if overall defense budgets are held constant or decline, there may be pressure to halt growth in funding for O & S activities and perhaps to repeat recent real reductions. This pressure may become particularly severe as DoD attempts to finance the many weapons programs that have entered development or procurement during the last 8 years. These trends raise concerns. As DoD fields new systems that are both more capable and more expensive, the costs of operating and supporting these systems may rise. If funding for O & S costs does not keep pace, there may be adverse effects on military readiness, which is defined as the ability of U.S. forces to fight well early in a war. This study uses several approaches to estimate the amount of O & S funding that would be needed over the next 5 years if DoD carries out its current investment plans. The estimates suggest that O & S funds might at least have to remain constant in real terms and may have to increase. Because deficit concerns may force reductions in defense funding, possibly including O & S funding, this study also briefly discusses several broad strategies for holding down O & S costs.
| Author | : The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 504 |
| Release | : 2022-02-14 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1000619729 |
Published each year since 1959, The Military Balance is an indispensable reference to the capabilities of armed forces across the globe. It is used by academia, the media, armed forces, the private sector and government. It is an open-source assessment of the military forces and equipment inventories of 171 countries, with accompanying defence economics and procurement data. Alongside detailed country data, The Military Balance assesses important defence issues, by region, as well as key global trends, such as in defence technology and equipment modernisation. This analysis is accompanied by full-colour graphics, including maps and illustrations. With extensive explanatory notes and reference information, The Military Balance is as straightforward to use as it is extensive. The 2022 edition is accompanied by a fullcolour wall chart illustrating security dynamics in the Arctic.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 27 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The budget for the Department of Defense (DoD), which will amount to roughly $290 billion in 1989, has increased about 37 percent since 1980 in real terms. Most of this increase was realized between 1980 and 1985, however. The defense budget has actually decreased steadily since 1985, experiencing average real declines of 3 percent for the past four years. The budget submitted by former President Reagan on January 9,1989, proposed that the DoD budget receive real increases of 2 percent a year for the next five years. In these times of fiscal constraint, however, the Congress may not approve any or all of this growth. Indeed, in his recent budget revision, President Bush proposed no growth in the defense budget for 1990, and real growth of 1 percent to 2 percent thereafter. With budgetary pressures expected to continue beyond 1990, however, the defense budget might not grow at all in real terms and could even decline over the next five years. How would no real growth in the defense budget for the next five years, or continued real decline in the budget, affect U.S. military forces? How many forces could be maintained? How modern and ready would they be? This paper summarizes an analysis by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) that addresses these questions. The paper focuses on the state of U.S. military forces in 1994, assuming five years of either zero real growth or real decline of 2 percent a year. The paper does not address the effects of budgetary limits in 1990. Instead, it examines the cumulative effects of five years of budgetary restraint, which would be much more far reaching than the effects of limits imposed on only the budget for 1990. The Congress or the DoD could adopt many alternative strategies to accommodate five years of no real growth or of annual real declines of 2 percent. Various defense experts have recommended differing approaches for limiting defense spending.
| Author | : Todd Harrison |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 2020-12-28 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781538140239 |
Analysis of the FY 2021 Defense Budget from the CSIS Defense Budget Analysis program provides an in-depth assessment of the Trump administration's request for national defense funding in FY 2021. The analysis addresses overall trends in the defense budget, changes in the FY 2021 request, and issues for Congress and the next administration to consider. It also covers the budgets of the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Space Force.
| Author | : Cindy Williams |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Military planning |
| ISBN | : |
The U.S. government faces a tough fiscal future. The consequences for the American economy and for the nation's place in the world could be severe. As a result, non-war defense budgets seem likely to shrink even farther than the levels set under the BCA, even if the law is overturned during the coming year or two. A real decline of 16 percent or more relative to previously planned levels would be consistent with both the magnitude of the nation's structural fiscal problems and historical reductions to U.S. defense spending as wars end. Efforts to reduce defense spending will be complicated by the fact that costs in some parts of the defense budget are growing significantly faster than inflation. This is particularly true in the areas of health care, pay, operation and maintenance, and equipment acquisition. If left unaddressed, that cost growth will eat into the funds available for military forces. This paper suggests a range of alternatives for curbing cost growth in those areas. The paper also identifies two options for reshaping U.S. military forces in a way that would reduce future budgets while keeping a strong and ready military. It explores the capabilities of the forces under those options and the missions for which they would be suited. Following the downsizing envisioned in either of the two proposed options, the U.S. military would still greatly outspend every other military in the world by a sizeable margin. The armed forces would be smaller than today's, but if the reductions are handled sensibly the forces will remain by far the best equipped, best trained, and best maintained in the world.
