Re Analysis Measurement And Misperceptions Of Cost Overruns At Olympic Games PDF Download
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Author | : Holger Preuss |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022 |
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Download Re-analysis, Measurement and Misperceptions of Cost Overruns at Olympic Games Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The aim of this independent study by Holger Preuss is to re-analyse the results of the recent so-called Oxford study by Flyvbjerg et al. on Olympic cost overruns. Using a method in accordance with the international convention of comparing across time and geographies, and using much more government data than in the Oxford study, the results differ significantly. It is argued why the statistical analysis and their data reliability are misleading, thus leading to a discovery of six typical misperceptions. In contrast to the Oxford study, this paper shows cost overruns (Olympics 2000-2014) for direct non-OCOG investments in the range of 13-178% and not 170-750%. Further, it shows that the costs of the Olympic Games represent less than 0.28% of the GDP; hence, it is clear that the Games cannot cause a severe national economic crisis. This paper provides a discussion on the underlying assumptions of the Oxford study, thus providing valuable insights for politicians who intend to submit an Olympic bid, and contextualises cost overruns caused by fixed deadlines and long planning horizons.
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Download Re-analysis, measurement and misperceptions of cost overruns at Olympic Games Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Holger Preuß |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 206 |
Release | : 2018-12-17 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 365824996X |
Download Cost and Revenue Overruns of the Olympic Games 2000–2018 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this open access book the cost and revenue overruns of Olympic Games from Sydney 2000 to PyeongChang 2018 from eight years before the Games to Games‐time are investigated to provide a base for future host cities. The authors evaluated the development of expenditure and revenues of the organizing committees to operate the event, and the investment of taxpayers’ money for Olympic venues (non‐OCOG budget). The study is based on data collected worldwide and is currently the most advanced study on cost and revenue changes of Olympic Games.
Author | : Bent Flyvbjerg |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 23 |
Release | : 2014 |
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Download Olympic Proportions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Do different types of megaprojects have different cost overruns? This apparently simple question is at the heart of research at the University of Oxford aimed at understanding the characteristics of megaprojects, particularly in terms of how they are established, run and concluded.In this study, we set out to investigate cost overruns in the Olympic Games. To do so, we examined the costs of the Games over half a century, including both summer and winter Olympics. We looked at the evolution of final reported costs and compared these to the costs established in the Games bids, submitted to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) up to seven years before the Games occurred. In so doing we established the largest dataset of its kind, and documented for the first time in a consistent fashion the costs and cost overruns for the Olympic Games, from 1960 to 2012.We discovered that the Games stand out in two distinct ways compared to other megaprojects: (1) The Games overrun with 100 per cent consistency. No other type of megaproject is this consistent regarding cost overrun. Other project types are typically on budget from time to time, but not the Olympics. (2) With an average cost overrun in real terms of 179 per cent - and 324 per cent in nominal terms - overruns in the Games have historically been significantly larger than for other types of megaprojects, including infrastructure, construction, ICT, and dams. The data thus show that for a city and nation to decide to host the Olympic Games is to take on one of the most financially risky type of megaproject that exists, something that many cities and nations have learned to their peril.For the London 2012 Games, we find that: (1) With sports-related real costs currently estimated at USD14.8 billion, London is on track to become the most costly Olympics ever. (2) With a projected cost overrun of 101 per cent in real terms, overrun for London is below the historical average for the Games, but not significantly so. (3) The London cost overrun is, however, significantly higher than overruns for recent Games since 1999. London therefore is reversing a positive trend of falling cost overruns for the Games.
Author | : Harry A. Solberg |
Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages | : 875 |
Release | : 2024-01-18 |
Genre | : Sports & Recreation |
ISBN | : 1800885652 |
Download Research Handbook on Major Sporting Events Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Presenting a comprehensive and pragmatic view on challenges around sporting events, this timely Research Handbook examines the hosting of major sporting events and the impacts they can have on stakeholders. Looking beyond the host destination, it provides a wealth of conceptual analysis on the organisation and administration of such events, including the bidding process, planning, management, sponsorship issues, and marketing.
Author | : John Rennie Short |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 136 |
Release | : 2018-04-24 |
Genre | : Architecture |
ISBN | : 1351000330 |
Download Hosting the Olympic Games Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Hosting the Olympic Games reveals the true costs involved for the cities that hold these large-scale sporting events. It uncovers the financing of the Games, reviewing existing studies to evaluate the costs and benefits, and draws on case study experiences of the Summer and Winter Games from the past forty years to assess the short- and long-term urban legacies for host cities. Written in an easily accessible style and format, it provides an in-depth critical analysis into the franchise model of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and offers an alternative vision for future Games. This book is an important contribution to understanding the consequences for the host cities of Olympic Games.
Author | : Maike Weitzmann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2023 |
Genre | : |
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Download Key Factors for Cost Overruns at Olympic Games Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
While various causes for cost overruns in major projects have been widely discussed, no systematic investigation of the reasons for cost overruns at Olympic Games have been conducted, to date. This paper provides a social science model that considers the current state of research on cost overruns in mega projects and at Olympic Games. This makes the complexity of cost overruns more manageable and the identification of causes for cost overruns in large projects much easier. Finally, recommendations to avoid cost overruns at Olympic Games are made. This paper sheds light on the fact that it is necessary to carry out a better review of potential host cities in order to provide greater support to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the organisation of Olympic Games and to establish an independent commission that would review all processes.
Author | : Bent Flyvbjerg |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Regression to the Tail Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study tests theoretical statistical distributions against empirical data for the costs of the Olympic Games, in order to explain the cost risks faced by host cities and nations. The authors argue that cost and cost overrun for the Olympic Games follow a power-law distribution. Olympic costs are subject to infinite mean and variance, with consequences for predictability and planning. They identify the generative mechanism for the Olympic power law as strong convexity prompted by six causal drivers: irreversibility, fixed deadlines, the blank check syndrome, tight coupling, long planning horizons, and an eternal beginner syndrome. The power-law explains why the Olympic Games are so difficult to plan and manage successfully. Based on the power-law, two heuristics are identified for better decision making on hosting. Finally, the paper develops measures for good practice in planning and managing the Olympic Games, including how to mitigate the extreme risks of the Olympic power-law.
Author | : Maike Weitzmann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 204 |
Release | : 2020-10-08 |
Genre | : Sports & Recreation |
ISBN | : 9781013273933 |
Download Cost and Revenue Overruns of the Olympic Games 2000-2018 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this open access book the cost and revenue overruns of Olympic Games from Sydney 2000 to PyeongChang 2018 from eight years before the Games to Games‐time are investigated to provide a base for future host cities. The authors evaluated the development of expenditure and revenues of the organizing committees to operate the event, and the investment of taxpayers' money for Olympic venues (non‐OCOG budget). The study is based on data collected worldwide and is currently the most advanced study on cost and revenue changes of Olympic Games. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Author | : Koji Kobayashi |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 305 |
Release | : 2023-06-20 |
Genre | : Sports & Recreation |
ISBN | : 9819900115 |
Download Sports Mega-Events in Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is the first comprehensive collection focusing on the hosting of sports mega-events within Asia and their impact on the politics, economics, and culture that shape, and are shaped by, the local idiosyncrasies of host cities and countries across this most culturally diverse continent. From the Olympic Games and single sport World Cups, to the Asian Games and their sub-regional variations, an increasing number of Asian countries have rapidly developed their capacity to host and mobilize large-scale sports events as a cornerstone of their economic growth, national identity formation, and international prestige. This book sets out to fill a gap in the literature and will be of particular relevance to those who are interested in globalization, sports studies, political economy, cultural studies, event management and policy, sociology, media studies, and Asian studies