Rationality Rules And Ideals PDF Download
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| Author | : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong |
| Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
| Total Pages | : 342 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9780742513174 |
Download Rationality, Rules, and Ideals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Bernard Gert's moral theory is among the clearest and most comprehensive on the contemporary scene. It touches on elements of the dominant ethical orientations---utilitarianism, Kantianism, contractionism, and virtue ethics--without fitting neatly into any of those categories. For that reason, Gert's moral theory appeals to many ethicists dissatisfied with each of the dominant formulations. Rationality, Rules, and Ideals presents Gert's Morality, the reactions by a number of prominent scholars, and Gert's response. All told, it is a remarkably wide-ranging study of ethical theory. The work is broken down into six parts, making Rationality, Rules, and Ideals perfect for a broad-ranging course on ethical theory, following Gert's critiques of utilitariansim, Kantianism, and virtue ethics. Both students and professionals will find much material to work with in this volume. The papers contribute not only to the understanding of Gert's wide-ranging theory but to a number of important topics in ethic theory, the theory of rationality, and applied ethics.
| Author | : Julian Nida-Rümelin |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2013-04-17 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9401596166 |
Download Rationality, Rules, and Structure Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.
| Author | : Shaun Nichols |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 208 |
| Release | : 2021-02-11 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0192640194 |
Download Rational Rules Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules proposes that moral learning can be understood in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. Nichols argues that statistical learning can help answer a wide range of questions about moral thought: Why do people think that rules apply to actions rather than consequences? Why do people expect new rules to be focused on actions rather than consequences? How do people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted? How do people decide that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group? The resulting account has both empiricist and rationalist features: since the learning procedures are domain-general, the result is an empiricist theory of a key part of moral development, and since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference, the account entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials. Moral rules can also be rational in the sense that they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. Nichols argues that the account might be extended to capture moral motivation as a special case of a much more general phenomenon of normative motivation. On this view, a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically, and so part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.
| Author | : Stefan Molyneux |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 2017-10-11 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781975653743 |
Download Universally Preferable Behaviour Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For thousands of years, humanity has attempted to enforce ethics through supernatural and secular punishments; this rabid aggression has been both necessary and ridiculous. It has been necessary because a rational proof of secular ethics has never been achieved; it has been ridiculous because it is impossible to imagine any scientific or mathematical argument being advanced in such a hysterical and violent manner."Ethics" has been one of the great government programs of history; since kings and priests ruled mankind, only those philosophers who served their interests tended to get promoted to prominence, rather than imprisoned, poisoned or burned. Thus, over 2,500 years since its inception, the discipline of ethics remains largely subjectivist, relativist and cultural - and was not only unable to restrain, but may have played a part in promoting the horrors, wars and genocides of the 20th century, the bloodiest hundred years of history of our species.Stefan Molyneux, host of Freedomain Radio, has written "Universally Preferable Behavior: A Rational Proof of Secular Ethics," which presents radical and rational arguments for a nonreligious, non-statist, entirely secular set ethical standards which validate the nonaggression principle - thou shalt not initiate force against thy fellow human - and the fundamental logic for respecting property rights.Rigorous, analytical and challenging, "Universally Preferable Behavior" provides a solid foundation for secular ethics. This book solves the ancient philosopher Petrarch's dichotomy, which is that it is better to will the good than know the truth. Armed with the arguments in "Universally Preferable Behavior," you can both know the truth and will the good.
| Author | : Mark C. Murphy |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 306 |
| Release | : 2001-06-11 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9780521802291 |
Download Natural Law and Practical Rationality Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A defense of a contemporary natural law theory of practical rationality.
| Author | : Harold L. Vogel |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 619 |
| Release | : 2021-12-17 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 3030791823 |
Download Financial Market Bubbles and Crashes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Economists broadly define financial asset price bubbles as episodes in which prices rise with notable rapidity and depart from historically established asset valuation multiples and relationships. Financial economists have for decades attempted to study and interpret bubbles through the prisms of rational expectations, efficient markets, equilibrium, arbitrage, and capital asset pricing models, but they have not made much if any progress toward a consistent and reliable theory that explains how and why bubbles (and crashes) evolve and are defined, measured, and compared. This book develops a new and different approach that is based on the central notion that bubbles and crashes reflect urgent short-side rationing, which means that, as such extreme conditions unfold, considerations of quantities owned or not owned begin to displace considerations of price.
| Author | : Michael A. Livermore |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 305 |
| Release | : 2020-12-07 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0197539440 |
Download Reviving Rationality Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Politics and regulation -- A threatening synthesis -- Staying in bounds -- A retreat from reason -- The illusion of costs without benefits -- Erasing public health science -- Resurrecting discredited models -- Ignoring indirect benefits -- Trivializing climate change -- Manipulating transfers -- Future directions -- Improving the guardrails.
| Author | : Ralph Wedgwood |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 278 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0198802692 |
Download The Value of Rationality Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Ralph Wedgwood gives a general account of what it is for states of mind and processes of thought to count as rational. Whether you are thinking rationally depends purely on what is going on in your mind, but rational thinking is a means to the goal of getting things right in your thinking, by believing the truth or making good choices.
| Author | : Brad Hooker |
| Publisher | : Westview Press |
| Total Pages | : 282 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : |
Download Rationality, Rules, And Utility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Scholars of ethics, and of human behavior more generally, will find this book consistently stimulating and rewarding.
| Author | : Julia Staffel |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2020-01-05 |
| Genre | : Rationalism |
| ISBN | : 0198833717 |
Download Unsettled Thoughts Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.
